本文選題：環(huán)境成本　切入點(diǎn)：軸輻式網(wǎng)絡(luò)　出處：《大連海事大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：全球經(jīng)濟(jì)一體化的迅速發(fā)展促進(jìn)了國(guó)際貿(mào)易量的激增,帶動(dòng)了航運(yùn)業(yè)的繁榮發(fā)展。集裝箱運(yùn)輸以其高效、便捷、安全、廉價(jià)的特點(diǎn)成為最主要的海上運(yùn)輸方式。隨著集裝箱船舶大型化,集裝箱港口深水化和現(xiàn)代化的發(fā)展,軸輻式航運(yùn)網(wǎng)絡(luò)成為航運(yùn)企業(yè)和班輪公司最常使用的航運(yùn)網(wǎng)絡(luò)結(jié)構(gòu)。集裝箱軸輻式航運(yùn)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的優(yōu)勢(shì)在于能夠產(chǎn)生巨大的規(guī)模經(jīng)濟(jì)效益,顯著地降低航運(yùn)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的運(yùn)輸成本。在集裝箱運(yùn)輸蓬勃發(fā)展的同時(shí),海上運(yùn)輸環(huán)境污染問(wèn)題逐漸凸顯。一直以來(lái),海上運(yùn)輸都被認(rèn)為是最清潔的運(yùn)輸方式。然而近年來(lái)的統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)表明海上運(yùn)輸過(guò)程中產(chǎn)生的船舶廢氣量不容忽視,僅二氧化碳一項(xiàng)就占全球二氧化碳排放總量的6%,船舶排放廢氣量更是隨著海上貿(mào)易的增長(zhǎng)逐年攀升,海上運(yùn)輸廢氣排放已成為全球主要的廢氣污染排放源。海上運(yùn)輸環(huán)境問(wèn)題正在引起全世界的關(guān)注。在綠色航運(yùn)的背景下,歐盟已提出對(duì)航海碳排放征稅；在硫排放方面,也已設(shè)置“低硫區(qū)”限制航海硫排放。相關(guān)環(huán)保組織也相繼出臺(tái)海上運(yùn)輸環(huán)保政策控制海上運(yùn)輸環(huán)境污染問(wèn)題。在此背景下,本文構(gòu)建了考慮環(huán)境成本的集裝箱軸輻式航運(yùn)網(wǎng)絡(luò)模型。該模型以傳統(tǒng)的軸輻式航運(yùn)網(wǎng)絡(luò)為基礎(chǔ),綜合考慮規(guī)模經(jīng)濟(jì)效應(yīng)和環(huán)境成本的影響,將環(huán)境成本引入到綜合運(yùn)輸成本中去,在整個(gè)航運(yùn)網(wǎng)絡(luò)中達(dá)到包括環(huán)境成本在內(nèi)的運(yùn)輸成本最小的目標(biāo)。本文得出的重要結(jié)論主要有：環(huán)境成本影響軸輻式航運(yùn)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的結(jié)構(gòu),在進(jìn)行航運(yùn)網(wǎng)絡(luò)設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)考慮環(huán)境成本是非常必要的；樞紐港的個(gè)數(shù)影響軸輻式集裝箱航運(yùn)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的總成本,航運(yùn)網(wǎng)絡(luò)總成本隨著樞紐港個(gè)數(shù)的增多而減少；環(huán)境成本在集裝箱航運(yùn)網(wǎng)絡(luò)總成本中占有較高的比重,隨著海上環(huán)保政策的日益嚴(yán)格及航海碳稅的出臺(tái),航運(yùn)企業(yè)應(yīng)給與高度重視。
[Abstract]:The rapid development of global economic integration has promoted the surge of international trade and the prosperity of shipping industry. Container transportation is efficient, convenient and safe. As container ships become larger, container ports become deepwater and modern. The axis-spoke shipping network has become the most commonly used shipping network structure for shipping companies and liner companies. The advantage of the container axle-spoke shipping network is that it can produce huge economies of scale. Reduce the transportation cost of shipping network significantly. With the development of container transportation, the environmental pollution problem of maritime transportation is becoming more and more serious. Maritime transport is considered to be the cleanest mode of transport. However, statistics in recent years have shown that the amount of ship exhaust produced during maritime transport should not be ignored. Carbon dioxide alone accounts for 6 percent of the world's total carbon dioxide emissions, and the volume of ship emissions is rising year by year with the growth of maritime trade. Emissions from marine transport have become the main source of exhaust gas pollution in the world. Environmental problems in maritime transport are attracting worldwide attention. In the context of green shipping, the European Union has proposed a tax on carbon emissions from navigation; and on sulfur emissions, "low sulfur zones" have also been set up to limit the discharge of sulfur from navigation. Relevant environmental protection organizations have also issued policies to control environmental pollution in maritime transport. In this context, In this paper, a container axis-spoke shipping network model considering environmental cost is constructed. The model is based on the traditional axle-spoke shipping network and considers the effects of economies of scale and environmental costs. The environmental cost is introduced into the integrated transportation cost to achieve the goal of minimum transportation cost including environmental cost in the whole shipping network. The main conclusions of this paper are as follows: environmental cost affects the structure of the axle-spoke shipping network. It is very necessary to consider the environmental cost in the design of shipping network, the number of hub ports affects the total cost of axle-spoke container shipping network, and the total cost of shipping network decreases with the increase of the number of hub ports. The environmental cost occupies a high proportion in the total cost of container shipping network. With the increasingly strict policy of marine environmental protection and the introduction of maritime carbon tax shipping enterprises should attach great importance to it.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：大連海事大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：U695.22

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