本文關(guān)鍵詞： 汽車-自行車事故 傷亡風(fēng)險(xiǎn) 二次開發(fā) 碰撞參數(shù) 自行車控制狀態(tài)　出處：《哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：我國(guó)機(jī)非混合交通方式復(fù)雜,汽車與自行車交通事故頻發(fā),其造成的人員傷亡和經(jīng)濟(jì)損失不容小覷,因此,開展汽車-自行車碰撞事故的研究是非常有必要的。本文基于當(dāng)前交通安全現(xiàn)狀,從事故規(guī)律和碰撞特征的角度出發(fā),對(duì)汽車-自行車事故進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)分析和仿真研究。本文對(duì)威海地區(qū)267例汽車-自行車交通事故進(jìn)行了調(diào)查統(tǒng)計(jì),從事故整體分布、事故誘發(fā)原因及自行車控制人損傷三個(gè)方向,全面分析了汽車-自行車交通事故的發(fā)生特點(diǎn)和規(guī)律。采用Logistic回歸方法,研究了碰撞速度與自行車控制人傷亡風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的關(guān)系,并對(duì)比分析了不同車型之間傷亡風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的區(qū)別。根據(jù)相關(guān)統(tǒng)計(jì)分析結(jié)果,提出了預(yù)防和減輕事故傷害的針對(duì)性建議。在PC-Crash軟件平臺(tái)下,對(duì)自行車和人體多剛體動(dòng)力學(xué)模型進(jìn)行了二次開發(fā),建立了汽車-自行車碰撞模型,并通過真實(shí)案例驗(yàn)證了所建仿真模型的準(zhǔn)確性。為深入探討自行車騎車人損傷特征的變化規(guī)律,采用碰撞仿真的方法,研究了汽車碰撞速度、事故碰撞形態(tài)、自行車碰撞速度和位置三個(gè)敏感參數(shù)對(duì)騎車人損傷特征的影響�？紤]汽車輪廓尺寸參數(shù)的綜合作用,利用正交試驗(yàn)分析了汽車輪廓參數(shù)與自行車騎車人損傷指標(biāo)的相關(guān)性,基于移動(dòng)的最小二乘法和自適應(yīng)響應(yīng)面法,采用近似建模和求解尋優(yōu)的方法,優(yōu)選出了使騎車人損傷最輕的轎車輪廓參數(shù)。針對(duì)自行車控制狀態(tài)的再現(xiàn)問題,通過典型碰撞形態(tài)下的事故仿真,研究了不同自行車控制狀態(tài)下的碰撞特征。借助Box-Behnken方法和拉丁超立方方法,進(jìn)行了260次仿真試驗(yàn),分析了碰撞指標(biāo)與自行車控制狀態(tài)的相關(guān)性。通過仿真試驗(yàn)和統(tǒng)計(jì)分析相結(jié)合的方法,識(shí)別出了能夠用于自行車控制狀態(tài)再現(xiàn)的敏感評(píng)判指標(biāo),并通過真實(shí)案例驗(yàn)證了利用評(píng)判指標(biāo)判斷自行車控制狀態(tài)的可行性。本課題的研究一方面可以為汽車被動(dòng)安全改進(jìn)工作提供數(shù)據(jù)支持和技術(shù)借鑒,另一方面可以為交通安全部門提供事故預(yù)防和再現(xiàn)的參考依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:Because of the complexity of non-mixed mode of transportation and the frequent accidents of cars and bicycles in China, the casualties and economic losses caused by these accidents should not be underestimated. It is very necessary to carry out the research on vehicle-bicycle collision accident. Based on the current situation of traffic safety, this paper starts from the angle of accident law and collision characteristics. In this paper, 267 cases of vehicle-bicycle traffic accidents in Weihai area were investigated and counted. The overall distribution of the accidents, the causes of the accidents and the injuries caused by bicycle controllers were analyzed in three directions. In this paper, the characteristics and rules of vehicle-bicycle traffic accidents are comprehensively analyzed. The relationship between collision velocity and the risk of human casualties controlled by bicycles is studied by using Logistic regression method. The difference of casualty risk between different models is compared and analyzed. According to the results of relevant statistical analysis, some specific suggestions for preventing and reducing accident injury are put forward. Under the platform of PC-Crash software, The multi-rigid body dynamics model of bicycle and human body has been redeveloped, and the collision model of automobile and bicycle has been established. The accuracy of the simulation model is verified by real cases. In order to probe into the law of damage characteristics of cyclists, collision simulation is used to study the speed and shape of vehicle collision. The influence of three sensitive parameters of bicycle impact speed and position on the damage characteristics of cyclists is discussed. Considering the comprehensive effect of automobile contour parameters, the correlation between vehicle contour parameters and cyclists' damage index is analyzed by orthogonal test. Based on moving least square method and adaptive response surface method, approximate modeling and optimization method are used to select the car contour parameters which cause the least damage to cyclists. The collision characteristics in different bicycle control states are studied by means of the accident simulation in typical collision form. The Box-Behnken method and Latin hypercube method are used to carry out 260 simulation tests. The correlation between impact index and bicycle control state is analyzed. By combining simulation test and statistical analysis, the sensitive judgment index which can be used to reproduce bicycle control state is identified. The feasibility of judging bicycle control state by judging index is verified by real cases. On the one hand, the research of this topic can provide data support and technical reference for vehicle passive safety improvement. On the other hand, it can provide reference for traffic security department to prevent and reproduce accidents.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：U491.31

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本文編號(hào)：1529526