本文關(guān)鍵詞： 無(wú)線車輛檢測(cè)系統(tǒng) 無(wú)線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò) 路由協(xié)議 時(shí)間同步　出處：《長(zhǎng)安大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：無(wú)線車輛檢測(cè)系統(tǒng)是無(wú)線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)的一個(gè)應(yīng)用系統(tǒng),用于采集交通信息參數(shù),為智能交通監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)提供有效的前端數(shù)據(jù)。能量有限是制約無(wú)線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)的一個(gè)重要因素,同樣,無(wú)線車輛檢測(cè)系統(tǒng)也面臨著能量有限且補(bǔ)給困難的問(wèn)題�；诖�,為了提高無(wú)線車輛檢測(cè)系統(tǒng)的能量利用率,本文提出了一種高效節(jié)能的路由協(xié)議和一種兼顧精度與能耗的時(shí)間同步算法。本文的主要研究?jī)?nèi)容包括:(1)根據(jù)無(wú)線車輛檢測(cè)系統(tǒng)的網(wǎng)絡(luò)特性,提出了一種分時(shí)段分簇多跳路由協(xié)議。其中,針對(duì)城市交通流呈現(xiàn)高峰期、空閑期和繁忙期的三段式規(guī)律特征,提出了一種分時(shí)段的簇首選舉算法:高峰期采用分布式簇首選舉算法,空閑期采用集中式簇首選舉算法,繁忙期則采用集中與分布式相結(jié)合的集中-分布式簇首選舉算法;針對(duì)無(wú)線車輛檢測(cè)系統(tǒng)要求同車道傳感器節(jié)點(diǎn)在分簇時(shí)應(yīng)分至同一簇的結(jié)構(gòu)要求,提出了一種捆綁式成簇算法;為了優(yōu)化數(shù)據(jù)傳輸?shù)穆酚陕窂?引入了中繼簇首節(jié)點(diǎn),采用了一種基于多跳的數(shù)據(jù)傳輸方式。(2)為了進(jìn)一步提高系統(tǒng)的能量利用率,提出了一種可兼顧精度與代價(jià)的自適應(yīng)時(shí)間同步算法。其中,當(dāng)系統(tǒng)工作在穩(wěn)定狀態(tài)時(shí),采用分組式RBS時(shí)間同步算法來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)所有同車道節(jié)點(diǎn)間的相對(duì)時(shí)間同步;當(dāng)系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行狀態(tài)切換時(shí),采用一種分層多跳全局時(shí)間同步算法,其中,匯聚-簇首節(jié)點(diǎn)間采用雙向同步機(jī)制,簇首-成員節(jié)點(diǎn)間采用的則是雙向同步與參考廣播同步相結(jié)合的方式。(3)本文在OMNET++上搭建了一個(gè)模擬無(wú)線車輛檢測(cè)系統(tǒng)的仿真平臺(tái),對(duì)分時(shí)段分簇多跳路由協(xié)議及自適應(yīng)時(shí)間同步算法進(jìn)行了相關(guān)性能的仿真測(cè)試。測(cè)試結(jié)果表明:在相同條件下,分時(shí)段分簇多跳路由協(xié)議比LEACH協(xié)議及DCHS協(xié)議消耗的網(wǎng)絡(luò)能量少,有利于延長(zhǎng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的生存周期;自適應(yīng)時(shí)間同步算法在同步誤差與同步開銷兩項(xiàng)性能上也優(yōu)于TPSN算法。
[Abstract]:Wireless vehicle detection system is an application system of wireless sensor network, which is used to collect traffic information parameters. Provide effective front-end data for intelligent traffic monitoring systems. Limited energy is an important factor restricting wireless sensor networks, as well. Wireless vehicle detection system also faces the problem of limited energy and difficult supply. Therefore, in order to improve the energy efficiency of wireless vehicle detection system. In this paper, we propose an efficient and energy-efficient routing protocol and a time synchronization algorithm which combines precision and energy consumption. The main research contents of this paper include: 1) according to the network characteristics of wireless vehicle detection system. A multi-hop routing protocol is proposed, in which the urban traffic flow presents the characteristics of peak, idle and busy periods. A cluster head election algorithm is proposed in this paper: the distributed cluster head election algorithm is used in the peak period and the centralized cluster head election algorithm is used in the idle period. In the peak period, a centralized and distributed cluster head election algorithm is adopted. In order to meet the structural requirements of the wireless vehicle detection system that the sensor nodes in the same lane should be clustered into the same cluster, a bundled clustering algorithm is proposed. In order to optimize the routing path of data transmission, the relay cluster head node is introduced, and a multi-hop data transmission mode. In this paper, an adaptive time synchronization algorithm is proposed, which considers both precision and cost, in which the system works in a stable state. The grouping RBS time synchronization algorithm is used to realize the relative time synchronization among all the same lane nodes. When the system switches states, a hierarchical multi-hop global time synchronization algorithm is adopted, in which a two-way synchronization mechanism is used between the convergence and cluster heads. Cluster head-member node is the combination of two-way synchronization and reference broadcast synchronization.) this paper builds a simulation platform on OMNET to simulate the wireless vehicle detection system. Simulation tests on the performance of multi-hop routing protocol and adaptive time synchronization algorithm are carried out. The results show that: under the same conditions. Compared with LEACH protocol and DCHS protocol, clustering multi-hop routing protocol consumes less network energy, which is helpful to prolong the lifetime of network. The adaptive time synchronization algorithm is also superior to the TPSN algorithm in terms of synchronization error and synchronization overhead.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：長(zhǎng)安大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：U495

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