本文關鍵詞： 無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡 CC2530 CC2591 RSSI 自學習定位算法 到站時間預測　出處：《成都理工大學》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：公交車輛先行戰(zhàn)略的確立是減緩交通擁擠問題的有效措施。城市公交系統(tǒng)向智能化,人性化發(fā)展是一個必然趨勢。公交定位系統(tǒng)作為城市公交系統(tǒng)的一個子系統(tǒng),有著重要的研究價值。而無線傳感網(wǎng)絡技術,將傳感技術、無線通信技術和網(wǎng)絡技術合為一個整體,具有成本低、體積小、自組織等特點,是一種可行的公交車輛定位的方案。本課題采用的由無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡組建的城市公交車定位系統(tǒng),具有成本低、實現(xiàn)容易,定位精度能夠滿足需要等特點。論文的具體工作包括:在了解國內外車輛定位方法的研究現(xiàn)狀和研究方法的基礎上,從課題研究目的和應用意義出發(fā),確定了無線傳感網(wǎng)絡的公交定位系統(tǒng)的總體框架。依據(jù)定位系統(tǒng)中傳感器節(jié)點的功能,從硬件方面對電路的各個環(huán)節(jié)作了具體闡述。系統(tǒng)節(jié)點采用TI公司的CC2530作為處理模塊,外接CC2591射頻前端共同實現(xiàn)系統(tǒng)功能。研究工作具體分為上層的無線傳輸模塊和下層的測試底板來進行。論文首先對公交車輛定位的幾種相關技術進行了分析,介紹了定位的基本原理,對射頻系統(tǒng)工作原理進行分析,并且可以應用在節(jié)點發(fā)射前端部分上,然后介紹了無線數(shù)據(jù)傳輸技術。隨后對公交定位信息產生誤差的原因從多個角度進行了研究,并從其誤差產生的根源出發(fā),提出了相對應的補償方案。定位算法是本課題的一個研究重點。在分析已有的車輛定位方法優(yōu)缺點的基礎上,著重分析其中的一種定位算法,基于RSSI的無線傳感定位。在此基礎上,利用其自身的優(yōu)點,進行一定的改進,引入自學習的思想,采用一種基于RSSI的自學習式的節(jié)點定位算法,解決直線道路和曲線道路情況下的定位問題,從而獲知公交車輛與站臺之間的實際距離。在定位算法的基礎上,對公交車輛到站時間進預測。依據(jù)電子站牌路段的平均速度和到站距離,從而預測出公交車輛到站的時間。在此基礎上,課題在對定位系統(tǒng)和算法所做的研究基礎上進行相關實驗,懫集傳感器節(jié)點的信號強度,通過Matlab仿真對數(shù)據(jù)進行分析,從而對算法進行驗證。實驗結果表明,節(jié)點的通信距離可以達到1000米左右,且數(shù)據(jù)傳輸過程比較穩(wěn)定,定位測距誤差也在可接受的范圍內,方案切實可行。該定位系統(tǒng)設計簡單,設備成本低廉。一方面為系統(tǒng)的進一步開發(fā)提供了一定的理論依據(jù),具有一定的參考價值;另一方面能夠降低使用費用,使得無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡的公交車定位系統(tǒng)被廣泛應用。最后,利用深圳市M382路公交車的實時定位數(shù)據(jù)進行實驗,實驗結果表明論文提出的優(yōu)化方案在數(shù)據(jù)處理速度上有了較大的改善,預測精度也在可接受范圍內,在實際應用時能有較好的發(fā)揮。
[Abstract]:The establishment of public transport vehicle first strategy is an effective measure to reduce traffic congestion. The development of humanization is an inevitable trend. As a subsystem of urban public transport system, public transportation positioning system has important research value. And wireless sensor network technology, will sensing technology. Wireless communication technology and network technology together as a whole, with low cost, small size, self-organization and other characteristics. It is a feasible scheme of bus positioning. The city bus location system which is constructed by wireless sensor network has low cost and easy to realize. The specific work of this paper includes: on the basis of understanding the research status and research methods of vehicle positioning methods at home and abroad, starting from the purpose of research and the significance of application. The overall frame of the public transportation positioning system of wireless sensor network is determined. According to the function of sensor nodes in the positioning system. The hardware aspects of the circuit are described in detail. The system node uses TI company's CC2530 as the processing module. The external CC2591 RF front-end realizes the system function together. The research work is divided into the upper layer wireless transmission module and the lower layer test bottom board. Firstly, the thesis carries on several related technologies of bus vehicle positioning. The analysis. This paper introduces the basic principle of positioning, analyzes the working principle of RF system, and can be applied to the front-end part of nodal transmission. Then the wireless data transmission technology is introduced. Then the causes of the errors in the location information of public transportation are studied from many angles and the root causes of the errors are analyzed. A corresponding compensation scheme is put forward. The localization algorithm is one of the research focuses in this paper. On the basis of analyzing the advantages and disadvantages of the existing vehicle positioning methods, one of the localization algorithms is emphatically analyzed. Wireless sensor location based on RSSI. On this basis, using its own advantages, some improvements, the introduction of the idea of self-learning, using a self-learning node location algorithm based on RSSI. In order to get the actual distance between the bus and the platform, the location problem in the case of straight road and curve road is solved. On the basis of the average speed and distance of the electronic stop sign, the arrival time of the bus is forecasted. On the basis of this, the arrival time of the bus is predicted. Based on the research of the localization system and the algorithm, the thesis carries on the related experiment, collects the signal intensity of the sensor node, and analyzes the data through the Matlab simulation. The experimental results show that the communication distance of the node can reach about 1000 meters, and the process of data transmission is relatively stable, and the error of location and ranging is also within the acceptable range. The design of the positioning system is simple and the equipment cost is low. On the one hand, it provides a certain theoretical basis for the further development of the system and has certain reference value. On the other hand, it can reduce the cost of use, making the wireless sensor network bus positioning system is widely used. Finally, using the real-time location data of Shenzhen M382 bus to carry on the experiment. The experimental results show that the proposed optimization scheme has greatly improved the speed of data processing, and the prediction accuracy is within the acceptable range, and it can play a better role in practical application.
【學位授予單位】：成都理工大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：U495;U491.17

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