本文關鍵詞：莆田市城市道路交通噪聲污染特征分析　出處：《福建農(nóng)林大學》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

  更多相關文章： 城市道路交通噪聲 等效聲級 FHWA模型 影響因素 治理措施

【摘要】：隨著莆田市經(jīng)濟的飛速發(fā)展,城市的道路交通也得到了迅猛發(fā)展,機動車的數(shù)量也有了迅猛的增長,城市基礎設施的更新速度已經(jīng)無法跟上交通發(fā)展需求,導致了嚴重的城市交通噪聲污染,治理城市交通噪聲污染的嚴峻形勢已迫在眉睫。本文以莆田市城市道路交通噪聲為研究對象,通過資料查閱、現(xiàn)場監(jiān)測、數(shù)據(jù)收集、數(shù)據(jù)分析等手段,采用計算機軟件Excel和SPSS等進行數(shù)據(jù)處理,對城市不同等級道路的交通量和交通噪聲的時空分布特征、不同等級道路交通噪聲污染情況進行了分析,還結合莆田市的道路特征對道路交通噪聲的幾個影響因素進行了定量分析,建立了實測交通噪聲預測模型并利用三種交通噪聲經(jīng)驗模型(FHWA模型、交通部模型和環(huán)保部模型)對交通噪聲預測進行預測和對比,尋找適合本地的交通噪聲預測模型并對其進行修正。為城市道路交通噪聲污染的治理提供了理論支撐,也為道路的交通規(guī)劃提供了技術支持。得出如下結論:(1)莆田市的不同等級道路的交通量從大到小的順序是:主干道次干道支路。近8年來莆田市不同等級道路的交通量都處于增長的趨勢,次干路的平均交通量增長了 1000pcu/h,主干路和支路的平均交通量增長了 500pcu/h,而且次干路的交通量慢慢趨近于主干路的交通量;(2)近8年來莆田市主干路和次干路的交通噪聲平均等效聲級都處于波動的狀態(tài),支路的交通噪聲等效聲級處于增長的趨勢;而且位于中心城區(qū)的道路的交通噪聲污染明顯比遠離中心城區(qū)的道路的交通噪聲污染嚴重�？傮w上看:95.2%監(jiān)測點的交通噪聲聲級都符合聲環(huán)境質(zhì)量的標準,只有個別監(jiān)測點的交通噪聲有超標的現(xiàn)象;(3)當車流量4000 pcu/h時,道路交通噪聲先隨著車流量的增加而加劇增加,呈現(xiàn)出明顯的正相關關系,但當車流量達到4000pcu/h后,兩者的關系就不顯著了。與車流量原始數(shù)據(jù)相比,交通噪聲和車流量的對數(shù)的相關性更好;(4)道路交通噪聲受車型比的影響關系是大型車摩托車中型車小型車,即隨著大型車車型比的增加,交通噪聲增加比較明顯。而且交通噪聲和車輛車速在一定的速度范圍內(nèi)也表現(xiàn)出正相關的關系,特別是摩托車和大型車的車速對交通噪聲的影響較大,超過一定的速度(大型車的界定車速為50km/h;摩托車的界定車速為37km/h),兩者之間的關系不顯著;(5)路面寬度對道路交通噪聲的影響不大;瀝青路面的道路交通噪聲普遍小于水泥路面的道路交通噪聲,可知瀝青路面的降噪效果好;(6)交通噪聲預測結果:FWHA模型、交通部模型和環(huán)保部模型的結果的絕對誤差分別為2.04dB(A)、4.80 dB(A)和1.20 dB(A),其中環(huán)保部模型的預測值與實測值的誤差最小,為最佳的莆田市城市道路交通噪聲經(jīng)驗預測模型。進一步,利用SPSS軟件對各車型車輛輻射聲級和車速的對數(shù)之間的關系進行了回歸擬合,采用回歸所得參數(shù)修正了環(huán)保部模型中的車輛的平均輻射噪聲參數(shù):得到平均絕對誤差值為1.03dB(A),預測精度得到進一步的提高,可做為研究區(qū)交通噪聲預測優(yōu)先考慮模型;(7)結合道路交通噪聲影響因素的研究結論,針對性地對莆田市的道路交通噪聲提出一些的治理控制措施,如采用低噪聲路面、合理規(guī)劃等。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of the economy of Putian City, the city road traffic has been rapid development, the number of motor vehicles also have a rapid growth, the update speed of city infrastructure has been unable to keep up with the development of traffic demand, causing the traffic noise pollution of the city, the grim situation of city traffic noise pollution in city is imminent. Putian city road traffic noise as the research object, through access to information, on-site monitoring, data collection, data analysis and other means, with the software of Excel and SPSS for data processing, spatial distribution of traffic volume and traffic noise of city of different grade roads, different levels of road traffic noise pollution were analyzed, for the quantitative analysis combined with the characteristics of Putian city road traffic noise impact on several factors, established the measured traffic noise prediction model Type and use three kinds of traffic noise model (FHWA model, traffic model and the Ministry of environmental protection model) on traffic noise forecast and comparison, find suitable for local traffic noise prediction model and revise. Provide theoretical support for the governance of city road traffic noise pollution, but also for road traffic planning technical support. Draw the following conclusions: (1) the order of traffic in Putian city of the road from large to small is main road Road branch. The traffic volume of Putian city in recent 8 years of different grade roads are in growth trend, the average traffic volume of roads increased by 1000pcu/h, the average amount of traffic trunk road and branch growth 500pcu/h, traffic volume and traffic volume of roads slowly close to the trunk road; (2) in recent 8 years in Putian city main road and secondary trunk road traffic noise equivalent sound level are average In the volatile state, the equivalent traffic noise level branch is in growth trend; and the traffic noise pollution at the center of the city road traffic noise pollution is more obvious than away from the downtown road seriously. On the whole: the traffic noise level 95.2% monitoring points are in line with the sound environmental quality standards, only the individual traffic noise monitoring point have exceed the standard phenomenon; (3) when the traffic flow of 4000 pcu/h, the traffic noise along with the increase in traffic flow and increase, showing a significant positive correlation, but when the traffic flow is 4000pcu/h, the relationship between them was not significant. Compared with the original vehicle flow data, better correlation between traffic the noise and traffic flow; (4) the road traffic noise affected models than is the relationship between the large and medium-sized car motorcycle small cars with large cars than the increase of traffic noise increase Obviously. And the traffic noise and vehicle speed in a certain range of speed also showed a positive correlation, especially the influence of motorcycles and large vehicles speed on traffic noise is larger than a certain rate (the definition of large vehicle speed is 50km/h; the definition of the motorcycle speed is 37km/h), the relationship between the two is not significant; (5) the road width has little influence on the road traffic noise; road traffic noise and road traffic noise of asphalt pavement is generally less than the cement pavement, the asphalt pavement noise reduction effect is good; (6) the traffic noise prediction results: FWHA model, absolute error model and the Ministry of Communications Ministry of environmental protection of the results of the model for 2.04dB respectively (A), 4.80 dB (A) and 1.20 dB (A), the prediction model of the Ministry of environmental protection value and practical value of the minimum error, for the Putian city road traffic noise prediction model. The best experience further, using SPSS software The relation between the vehicle and the speed of sound radiation of the logarithmic regression, the regression parameters obtained from the modified model in the Ministry of environmental protection vehicle average radiation noise parameters: the average absolute error value is 1.03dB (A), the prediction accuracy can be further improved, can be used for traffic noise prediction research area is preferred. Conclusion the combined model; (7) study on the influencing factors of road traffic noise, according to road traffic noise in Putian City, put forward some controlling measures, such as the use of low noise pavement, reasonable planning.

【學位授予單位】：福建農(nóng)林大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：U491.91

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