【摘要】：海上風力發(fā)電以其獨特的優(yōu)勢正在世界范圍內(nèi)迅速發(fā)展。隨著水深的增加固定式基礎的成本急劇上升，因而漂浮式風力發(fā)電基礎有了廣闊的前景。浮式基礎的設計與研究為國內(nèi)外海洋工程界關注的熱點前沿問題，為促進海上發(fā)電技術的發(fā)展與應用提供了技術支持。 本文首先介紹了漂浮式海上風電浮式基礎的發(fā)展前景和幾種常見的結(jié)構(gòu)類型。參考已有的理論設計、模型試驗和工程實例，選取了適合渤海水域的風機功率，美國NREL實驗室公布的WindPact型1.5MW風力機詳細資料，進行了海上風力機半潛型浮式基礎的概念設計。將海上風力機浮式系統(tǒng)的載荷做了分類，系統(tǒng)地介紹了海上浮式風力機氣動載荷、波浪載荷、流載荷和系泊載荷的計算方法。根據(jù)經(jīng)驗公式，對系統(tǒng)的粘性阻尼做了計算并用模型試驗加以驗證。計算分析半潛型基礎的頻域響應特性，建立了風力機-浮式基礎-錨鏈耦合動力模型，計算在規(guī)則波、隨機波中的運動響應。加工制作了試驗模型，測量了模型的固有運動特性和運動響應結(jié)果，比較了數(shù)值模擬和試驗結(jié)果，得到以下主要結(jié)論： （1）計算了半潛型基礎的附加質(zhì)量、輻射阻尼等水動力參數(shù)，繪出浮式基礎的幅頻響應曲線。從幅頻響應曲線看出，垂蕩、橫搖和縱搖運動的固有周期基本避開了海浪能量的集中范圍。 （2）建立了風力機-浮式基礎-錨鏈耦合動力模型，考慮葉片與塔柱彈性以及偏航系統(tǒng)傳動系統(tǒng)特性，進行了浮式基礎的耦合時域分析。通過計算的結(jié)果看到葉片的彈性、偏航系統(tǒng)對于風力機系統(tǒng)縱蕩、縱搖、首搖運動影響明顯；由于偏航系統(tǒng)的存在，風力機系統(tǒng)的橫蕩、橫搖響應會減小；在計算系統(tǒng)的縱搖時，應考慮塔柱的彈性及傳動系統(tǒng)特性，而塔柱的彈性及傳動系統(tǒng)特性對風力機系統(tǒng)其他方向的運動影響較小。 （3）制作了浮式基礎模型，，對理論設計做了試驗驗證。通過自由衰減試驗得到了浮式風力機的固有周期以及無因次阻尼系數(shù)；有無風速主要對浮式風力機縱搖和縱蕩的平衡位置與運動幅度有較大的影響。通過比較有風海況下的試驗結(jié)果與理論計算值，看出二者符合的較好，驗證了設計的合理性。
[Abstract]:Offshore wind power generation is developing rapidly in the world because of its unique advantages. With the increase of water depth, the cost of fixed foundation increases sharply, so floating wind power generation foundation has a broad prospect. The design and research of floating foundation provides technical support for the development and application of offshore power generation technology. In this paper, the development prospect and several common structural types of floating offshore wind-induced floating foundation are introduced at first. Referring to the existing theoretical design, model test and engineering examples, the fan power suitable for Bohai Sea waters is selected, and the detailed data of WindPact 1.5MW wind turbine published by NREL Laboratory in the United States are selected. The conceptual design of semi-submersible floating foundation of offshore wind turbine is carried out. The load of floating system of offshore wind turbine is classified, and the calculation methods of pneumatic load, wave load, current load and mooring load of offshore floating wind turbine are systematically introduced. According to the empirical formula, the viscous damping of the system is calculated and verified by model test. The frequency domain response characteristics of semi-submersible foundation are calculated and analyzed, and the coupling dynamic model of wind turbine, floating foundation and anchor chain is established, and the motion response in regular wave and random wave is calculated. The experimental model is fabricated, the inherent motion characteristics and motion response results of the model are measured, and the numerical simulation and experimental results are compared. the main conclusions are as follows: (1) the additional mass of the semi-submersible foundation is calculated. The amplitude-frequency response curve of floating foundation is drawn by hydrodynamic parameters such as radiation damping. From the amplitude-frequency response curve, it can be seen that the inherent periods of swinging, rolling and pitching basically avoid the concentration range of wave energy. (2) the coupling dynamic model of wind turbine, floating foundation and anchor chain is established, and the coupling time domain analysis of floating foundation is carried out considering the elasticity of blade and tower column and the characteristics of yaw system transmission system. The results show that the elasticity of the blade and the yaw system have obvious influence on the yaw motion of the wind turbine system, and the rolling response of the wind turbine system will be reduced due to the existence of the yaw system. When calculating the pitch of the system, the elasticity of the tower column and the characteristics of the transmission system should be taken into account, while the elasticity of the tower column and the characteristics of the transmission system have little influence on the motion of the wind turbine system in other directions. (3) the floating foundation model is made, and the theoretical design is verified by experiments. Through the free attenuation test, the inherent period and dimensionless damping coefficient of the floating wind turbine are obtained, and the wind speed mainly has a great influence on the balance position and motion amplitude of the rolling and swinging of the floating wind turbine. By comparing the experimental results with the theoretical values under the condition of wind and sea, it can be seen that the two are in good agreement with each other, and the rationality of the design is verified.
【學位授予單位】：天津大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：U674.38;U661

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