本文選題：艦船噪聲 + 結(jié)構(gòu)噪聲��； 參考：《大連理工大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文

【摘要】：噪聲問(wèn)題關(guān)系著艦船的舒適性、安全性和隱身性,是艦船工程中重點(diǎn)關(guān)注的問(wèn)題。在艦船的眾多噪聲源中,機(jī)械和設(shè)備噪聲是艙室中的主要噪聲,也是水下低頻段的主要噪聲。一直以來(lái),對(duì)于機(jī)械和設(shè)備噪聲的研究多將其當(dāng)成一個(gè)整體。這樣的研究忽視了構(gòu)成機(jī)械和設(shè)備噪聲總聲場(chǎng)中各部分聲場(chǎng)的差異,不利于制定針對(duì)性的降噪策略�；谶@種認(rèn)識(shí),本文對(duì)一300噸巡邏艇的主機(jī)噪聲進(jìn)行研究,建立了區(qū)分機(jī)艙內(nèi)部主機(jī)空氣噪聲聲場(chǎng)和主機(jī)誘導(dǎo)船體結(jié)構(gòu)振動(dòng)輻射噪聲聲場(chǎng)的數(shù)值方法,并分析了主機(jī)空氣噪聲聲場(chǎng)和主機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu)噪聲聲場(chǎng)對(duì)總聲場(chǎng)的貢獻(xiàn)度。結(jié)果表明機(jī)艙內(nèi)部主機(jī)空氣噪聲對(duì)總聲場(chǎng)的貢獻(xiàn)遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)小于主機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu)噪聲對(duì)于總聲場(chǎng)的貢獻(xiàn)。說(shuō)明對(duì)于機(jī)艙內(nèi)部的降噪處理,對(duì)主機(jī)進(jìn)行隔振比隔聲更加重要。艦船水下噪聲和艙室噪聲有著密切的聯(lián)系,主要表現(xiàn)在艙室內(nèi)部設(shè)備的空氣噪聲會(huì)透過(guò)船殼向水下輻射,以及設(shè)備工作時(shí)的結(jié)構(gòu)噪聲激勵(lì)船殼向水中輻射噪聲。因此,對(duì)于水下由設(shè)備振動(dòng)誘導(dǎo)的聲場(chǎng),也可以細(xì)分成設(shè)備空氣噪聲激發(fā)的聲場(chǎng)以及設(shè)備結(jié)構(gòu)噪聲激發(fā)的聲場(chǎng)。其本質(zhì)是船體結(jié)構(gòu)在聲激勵(lì)和力激勵(lì)作用下在水下的聲輻射。遵循這樣的分離規(guī)則,本文對(duì)一300噸巡邏艇的水下主機(jī)誘導(dǎo)聲場(chǎng)進(jìn)行細(xì)分,并分析了主機(jī)空氣噪聲激發(fā)聲場(chǎng)和主機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu)噪聲激發(fā)聲場(chǎng)的特征,包括聲場(chǎng)強(qiáng)度、聲場(chǎng)指向性、輻射效率等。分析結(jié)果表明主機(jī)空氣噪聲所激發(fā)水下聲場(chǎng)的強(qiáng)度遠(yuǎn)小于主機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu)噪聲所激發(fā)水下聲場(chǎng)的強(qiáng)度。此外,從聲場(chǎng)的特性上看,前者的指向性弱于后者的指向性,而輻射效率高于后者。艦船的水下遠(yuǎn)場(chǎng)聲場(chǎng)和隱身性能密切相關(guān),并對(duì)海洋生物有不利影響。對(duì)遠(yuǎn)場(chǎng)聲場(chǎng)的聲輻射熱區(qū)進(jìn)行識(shí)別有著重要意義和價(jià)值。艦船外殼是不同位置之間具有復(fù)雜相位關(guān)系的不規(guī)則幾何體,其近場(chǎng)聲場(chǎng)和遠(yuǎn)場(chǎng)聲場(chǎng)有很大的不同。近場(chǎng)聲場(chǎng)中以倏逝波形式存在的能量流只能沿著船殼表面切向傳播,對(duì)遠(yuǎn)場(chǎng)聲場(chǎng)沒有貢獻(xiàn)。然而,這股能量流包含于近場(chǎng)有功聲強(qiáng)里面,導(dǎo)致使用近場(chǎng)有功聲強(qiáng)進(jìn)行遠(yuǎn)場(chǎng)聲輻射熱區(qū)定位不夠準(zhǔn)確。鑒于此,本文嘗試使用遠(yuǎn)場(chǎng)聲輻射的表面貢獻(xiàn)方法對(duì)300噸巡邏艇船殼表面的遠(yuǎn)場(chǎng)聲輻射熱區(qū)進(jìn)行定位。表面貢獻(xiàn)方法不同于邊界元中的板塊貢獻(xiàn)方法,該方法在振動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)表面構(gòu)造了一個(gè)和位置相關(guān)的正值,意味著對(duì)應(yīng)小塊面積對(duì)聲場(chǎng)的貢獻(xiàn)恒為正,構(gòu)造該正值的過(guò)程也就是獲取表面非負(fù)聲強(qiáng)的過(guò)程,而表面非負(fù)聲強(qiáng)表達(dá)的就是對(duì)遠(yuǎn)場(chǎng)有貢獻(xiàn)的聲強(qiáng)。使用表面貢獻(xiàn)方法,本文準(zhǔn)確地標(biāo)示出巡邏艇船殼表面的遠(yuǎn)場(chǎng)聲輻射熱區(qū),這一嘗試展現(xiàn)了表面貢獻(xiàn)方法在艦船降噪中的應(yīng)用前景。
[Abstract]:The noise problem, which concerns the comfort, safety and stealth of ships, is a key issue in warship engineering. Among the many noise sources of ships, the noise of machinery and equipment is the main noise in the cabin and also the main noise in the underwater low frequency band. All the time, the research on the noise of machinery and equipment regards it as a whole. This study ignores the difference of sound fields in the total sound field of mechanical and equipment noise, and is not conducive to the formulation of targeted noise reduction strategies. Based on this understanding, the main engine noise of a 300-ton patrol boat is studied in this paper, and a numerical method is established to distinguish the sound field of the main engine from the noise field of the main engine and the noise field of the hull structure induced by the engine. The contribution of the host air noise field and the host structure noise field to the total sound field is analyzed. The results show that the contribution of the main engine air noise to the total sound field is much smaller than that of the main engine structure noise to the total sound field. It shows that the vibration isolation of the main engine is more important than the sound insulation for the noise reduction within the engine room. The underwater noise of ship is closely related to the cabin noise, which is mainly reflected in the fact that the air noise in the cabin interior will radiate through the hull of the ship and the structural noise when the equipment is working is excited by the radiated noise from the hull to the water. Therefore, the underwater acoustic field induced by the equipment vibration can also be subdivided into the sound field excited by the equipment air noise and the sound field induced by the equipment structure noise. Its essence is the underwater acoustic radiation of the hull structure under the action of acoustic excitation and force excitation. Following this separation rule, the underwater mainframe induced sound field of a 300 ton patrol boat is subdivided, and the characteristics of the main engine air noise induced sound field and the host structure noise excitation sound field are analyzed, including the sound field intensity, the sound field directivity, Radiation efficiency, etc. The results show that the intensity of underwater sound field excited by host air noise is much less than that of underwater sound field excited by host structure noise. In addition, the directivity of the former is weaker than that of the latter, and the radiation efficiency is higher than that of the latter. The underwater far-field sound field of ships is closely related to their stealth performance and has adverse effects on marine life. It is of great significance and value to identify the radiation heat region of far field sound field. The hull of a ship is an irregular geometric body with complex phase relationship between different positions, and its near-field sound field is very different from that of far-field sound field. The energy flow in the near-field acoustic field in the form of evanescent wave can only propagate tangentially along the surface of the ship's shell and has no contribution to the far-field sound field. However, the energy flow is contained in the near-field active sound intensity, which leads to inaccurate location of far-field acoustic radiation heat region using near-field active power sound intensity. In view of this, this paper attempts to use the surface contribution method of far-field acoustic radiation to locate the far-field acoustic radiation heat zone on the surface of 300 ton patrol boat hull. The surface contribution method is different from the plate contribution method in the boundary element. This method constructs a position-dependent positive value on the surface of the vibrating structure, which means that the contribution of the corresponding small area to the sound field is always positive. The process of constructing the positive value is the process of obtaining the non-negative sound intensity on the surface, and the non-negative sound intensity on the surface represents the sound intensity that contributes to the far field. Using the surface contribution method, the far-field acoustic radiation heat region on the surface of the cruiser hull is accurately marked. This attempt shows the application prospect of the surface contribution method in the ship noise reduction.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：大連理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：U661.44;U674.70

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