【摘要】：伴隨著信息化社會飛速發(fā)展,各類電子機械產(chǎn)生的電磁輻射越來越嚴重。電磁輻射防護和環(huán)境電磁污染的治理已引起國際社會的高度重視,電磁波吸收材料更成為科技及產(chǎn)業(yè)界的研究熱點。電磁波吸收涂料以其少占空間、不受表面形狀限制、應(yīng)用靈活等特點,成為電磁輻射防護材料的重要研究方向,特別是軍事隱身應(yīng)用,其研究具有重大現(xiàn)實意義。 目前傳統(tǒng)的吸波涂料主要采用磁性材料如鐵氧體、羰基鐵等,存在密度大、吸收頻帶窄、結(jié)合力差等問題,無法滿足現(xiàn)實應(yīng)用需求。制備“寬、輕、薄、強”的吸波涂料刻不容緩。 本文探索通過理論設(shè)計,采用介電材料進行吸波涂料制備,旨在利用介電材料輕質(zhì)、易與基材復(fù)合、電磁參數(shù)可調(diào)等特點,克服磁性材料的缺點,制備出高性能的吸波涂層。整個實驗以導(dǎo)電炭黑、碳纖維為吸波劑,環(huán)氧樹脂為基材進行吸波材料制備,通過對單層、多層等的系列研究,創(chuàng)新性實現(xiàn)了吸收特性好、輕質(zhì)寬頻吸收涂層的研制成功。 本文首先研究單層涂層結(jié)構(gòu),通過對纖維長度和含量、炭黑含量對涂層吸波性能的影響研究,發(fā)現(xiàn)：纖維長度為2mm、含量為0.3%時吸波效果最好；吸波性能隨長度或含量的遞增先增大再減小,峰位向低頻移動。單層涂層存在吸收頻帶窄、峰值較小現(xiàn)象。 多層復(fù)合涂層研究表明：上層為碳纖維,即碳纖維涂層為阻抗匹配層時,吸收頻帶較窄；采用炭黑涂層為阻抗匹配層時,吸波效果較好；第一層炭黑含量為16%、厚度為1.5mm,第二層碳纖維含量為0.3%、厚度為1.5mm時吸波效果最佳,在8.7-18GHz范圍內(nèi)吸收量低于-lOdB；三層復(fù)合涂層研究表明,當(dāng)?shù)谝粚犹亢诤繛?6%、厚度為1.5mm,第二層碳纖維含量為0.3%、厚度為0.5mm,第三層碳纖維含量為0.5%、厚度為lmm時,可實現(xiàn)8-18GHz頻帶吸收量都在-1OdB以下。 進一步深化研究。通過理論設(shè)計,采用多層夾膜結(jié)構(gòu)進行高性能吸波涂層制備。采用炭黑為導(dǎo)電填料制備了環(huán)氧樹脂/電阻膜三層三膜復(fù)合吸波體,研究表明,涂層總厚度為4mm、電阻膜分別約為300、500、1000Ω/□,在8-18GHz頻段內(nèi)反射率都在-lOdB以下,其中最大峰值為-18.5dB；采用碳纖維膜代替電阻膜,研究發(fā)現(xiàn)：涂層在4.8-18GHz頻帶吸收量都在-8dB以下,而在5-7.8GHz、13-18GHz頻帶吸收量都在-10dB以下,最大吸收量為-12.2dB,實現(xiàn)了超寬的吸收效果。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of information society, electromagnetic radiation produced by all kinds of electronic machinery becomes more and more serious. Electromagnetic radiation protection and the control of environmental electromagnetic pollution have been attached great importance to by the international community, and electromagnetic wave absorbing materials have become the research hotspot of science and technology and industry. Electromagnetic wave absorbing coating has become an important research direction of electromagnetic radiation protection materials, especially for military stealth application, because of its characteristics of less space occupation, no limitation of surface shape, flexible application and so on. The research of electromagnetic wave absorbing coating is of great practical significance. At present, magnetic materials such as ferrite and carbonyl iron are mainly used in traditional microwave absorbing coatings. There are many problems, such as large density, narrow absorption band and poor binding force, which can not meet the needs of practical application. The preparation of "wide, light, thin, strong" absorbing coating is urgent. This paper explores the preparation of microwave absorbing coatings with dielectric materials through theoretical design. The purpose of this paper is to make use of the light weight of dielectric materials, easy to composite with substrate and adjustable electromagnetic parameters, to overcome the shortcomings of magnetic materials, and to prepare high performance absorbing coatings. In the whole experiment, conductive carbon black, carbon fiber as absorbing agent and epoxy resin as base material were used to prepare absorbing material. Through a series of studies on single layer and multi-layer, the excellent absorption property and light broadband absorption coating were successfully developed. In this paper, the structure of monolayer coating was studied firstly. The effects of fiber length and content, carbon black content on the absorbing properties of the coating were studied. It was found that the microwave absorbing effect was the best when the fiber length was 2 mm and the content of carbon black was 0.3%. The absorption performance increases first and then decreases with the increase of length or content, and the peak position moves to low frequency. The absorption band of monolayer coating is narrow and the peak value is small. The study of multi-layer composite coating shows that the upper layer is carbon fiber, that is, when carbon fiber coating is impedance matched layer, the absorption frequency band is narrow, and the absorbing effect is better when carbon black coating is used as impedance matching layer. When the content of carbon black in the first layer is 16%, the thickness is 1.5 mm, and the content of carbon fiber in the second layer is 0.3%, the absorbing effect is the best when the thickness is 1.5mm, and the absorption amount in the range of 8.7-18GHz is lower than-lOdB;. The results show that when the content of carbon black in the first layer is 16%, the thickness is 1.5 mm, the content of carbon fiber in the second layer is 0.3%, the thickness is 0.5 mm, the content of carbon fiber in the third layer is 0.5%, and the thickness is lmm. The absorption of 8-18GHz band is below-1OdB. Further deepen the research. Through the theoretical design, multi-layer coating structure was used to prepare high performance absorbing coating. Epoxy resin / resistance film three-layer three-film composite absorbers were prepared by using carbon black as conductive filler. The results show that the total thickness of the coating is 4mm, the resistive film is about 300,500,1000 惟 / -, and the reflectivity is less than-lOdB in 8-18GHz band. The maximum peak value was-18.5 dB; The carbon fiber film is used to replace the resistive film. It is found that the absorption of the coating in the 4.8-18GHz band is less than-8dB, while in the frequency band of 5 ~ 7. 8GHz, the absorption in the frequency band of 13 ~ 18GHz is below-10dB, and the maximum absorption is-12.2dB, and the maximum absorption of the coating is-12.2dB. The ultra-wide absorption effect is achieved.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：海南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TB34

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