【摘要】：隨著科學(xué)技術(shù)的飛速發(fā)展,復(fù)合材料兼具多種材料優(yōu)良性能的特性在世界上被廣泛的開(kāi)發(fā),逐步應(yīng)用到航天、軍事等多種領(lǐng)域。在復(fù)合材料制品的成型質(zhì)量中制造工藝與材料性能具有同等地位。與以往外固化成型方法不同,熱芯纏繞工藝采用加熱管在芯模內(nèi)部通入高溫水蒸汽的方法將復(fù)合材料的纏繞與加熱固化兩道工序同步化,有效的減少設(shè)備和占地面積、降低工人操作的復(fù)雜性,提高了成型效率,使復(fù)合材料實(shí)現(xiàn)了邊纏繞邊固化的一體化成型。復(fù)合材料纏繞制品中環(huán)氧樹脂的使用頻率很高。環(huán)氧樹脂是熱塑性材料,固化中需控制的溫度特征參數(shù)很多,溫度的精準(zhǔn)控制是關(guān)鍵。當(dāng)前溫控中最突出的問(wèn)題是加熱時(shí)芯模軸向溫度分布不均勻,這與芯模內(nèi)部加熱管道的結(jié)構(gòu)存在直接關(guān)系:高溫水蒸汽在芯模內(nèi)部進(jìn)行循環(huán)時(shí),在封閉式尾部處對(duì)流效果不理想和存在流量、溫度損失,使得復(fù)合材料在成型過(guò)程中首尾受熱不均勻,可能存在應(yīng)力變形、分層等現(xiàn)象。而且圓形導(dǎo)氣孔口附近的芯模外表面溫度等溫線呈同心圓分布,內(nèi)外溫差較大,導(dǎo)致此處的殼體局部更易分層。針對(duì)以上問(wèn)題,本文介紹了常用纏繞設(shè)備和復(fù)合材料殼體成型質(zhì)量影響因素,建立了芯模內(nèi)部加熱管道蒸汽物理模型�；诹黧w分析軟件FLUENT用二維模型對(duì)水蒸汽在加熱管中的流場(chǎng)分布進(jìn)行仿真,根據(jù)仿真速度云圖和節(jié)點(diǎn)圖分析了導(dǎo)氣孔處的蒸汽速度與入口蒸汽流速以及加熱管道結(jié)構(gòu)之間的關(guān)系。根據(jù)分析結(jié)果對(duì)加熱管改進(jìn),并對(duì)優(yōu)化前和優(yōu)化后的芯模管道進(jìn)行了三維熱流耦合:結(jié)果顯示優(yōu)化后的芯模內(nèi)表面上的溫度分布能滿足預(yù)期要求,同時(shí)表明研究中溫度軸向分布不均勻的因素是流量。最后,針對(duì)導(dǎo)氣孔處芯模溫度同心分布溫差較大問(wèn)題,運(yùn)用射流理論分析了圓孔口不利于蒸汽擴(kuò)散的原因,分析結(jié)果顯示矩形孔是更理想的孔口形狀。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of science and technology, composite materials with excellent properties of a variety of materials have been widely developed in the world, gradually applied to aerospace, military and other fields. The manufacturing process has the same position as the material properties in the molding quality of composite products. Different from the previous external curing molding methods, the hot core winding process adopts the method of heating tube filling high temperature water vapor inside the core mold to synchronize the winding and heating curing processes of composite materials, thus effectively reducing the equipment and the area occupied. It reduces the complexity of workers' operation, improves the forming efficiency, and realizes the integral molding of edge winding and side curing of composite materials. The use frequency of epoxy resin in composite winding products is very high. Epoxy resin is a thermoplastic material. There are many temperature characteristic parameters to be controlled in curing, and the precise control of temperature is the key. The most prominent problem in the current temperature control is that the axial temperature distribution of the core die is not uniform when heating, which is directly related to the structure of the heating pipe inside the core mold: when the high temperature water vapor is circulating in the core mold, In the closed tail, the convection effect is not ideal and there is flow rate and temperature loss, which makes the composite non-uniform at the beginning and end of the molding process, and may have the phenomena of stress and deformation, delamination and so on. Moreover, the temperature isotherms on the outer surface of the core die near the circular orifice are concentric and the temperature difference between inside and outside is large, which leads to the local layering of the shell. In view of the above problems, this paper introduces the factors influencing the molding quality of the common winding equipment and composite shell, and establishes the steam physical model of the heating pipe inside the mandrel. Based on the fluid analysis software FLUENT, the two-dimensional model is used to simulate the flow field distribution of water vapor in the heating pipe. Based on the simulated velocity cloud and node diagram, the relationship between the steam velocity at the orifice and the inlet steam velocity as well as the heating pipe structure is analyzed. According to the analysis results, the heating pipe is improved, and the three-dimensional heat flux coupling is carried out on the core pipe before and after optimization. The results show that the temperature distribution on the inner surface of the optimized core mold can meet the expected requirements. At the same time, it is shown that the factor of uneven axial distribution of temperature in the study is the flow rate. Finally, aiming at the problem of large temperature difference of the core mold temperature distribution in the air guide hole, the reasons why the circular orifice is not conducive to steam diffusion are analyzed by means of jet theory. The results show that the rectangular hole is a more ideal orifice shape.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中北大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TB332

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