麥秸稈纖維增強廢聚乙烯復合材料的制備及其界面性能研究
發(fā)布時間：2019-01-28 11:20
【摘要】：秸稈和包裝廢塑料的資源化利用問題備受關注,開發(fā)變廢為寶的高附加值利用技術在環(huán)境保護以及資源節(jié)約等方面具有重要的現實意義。本課題以關中地區(qū)的小麥秸稈(WF)和廢舊聚乙烯塑料(rPE)為原料,采用擠出和熱壓成型工藝制備秸稈纖維/廢聚乙烯(WF/rPE)復合材料。研究了 WF纖維的粒徑和添加量、界面改性劑的種類和添加量、生物酶改性處理和生物酶與相容劑復合處理對WF/rPE復合材料的力學性能、熱學性能和吸水性的影響,并使用掃描電子顯微鏡(SEM)和傅立葉紅外光譜儀(FTIR)對復合材料的界面性能和化學成分進行了研究,論文主要結論如下:(1)未改性WF/rPE復合材料的機械性能隨WF纖維添加量的增加不斷增強,當纖維含量超過40 wt%時復合材料的機械性能開始下降。在60/100/200目秸稈纖維中,添加60目秸稈纖維增強復合材料的力學性能和熱穩(wěn)定性能最好。(2)紅外光譜(FTIR)分析發(fā)現,三種界面相容劑MAPE、MAPE蠟和KH550都可以與WF纖維上的羥基反應。SEM結果表明,三種界面改性劑都可以改善復合材料的界面性能。當WF含量為40wt%時,添加2wt%MAPE蠟的復合材料力學性能相對最好,其拉伸強度、彎曲強度和彎曲模量分別為15.0 MPa、23.8MPa和1646.4 MPa;當MAPE蠟的添加量高于2 wt%時,得到的復合材料機械性能明顯降低。復合材料的DSC曲線表明,添加界面改性劑對復合材料的結晶過程起到促進作用。(3)生物酶和堿處理對WF纖維表面都具有明顯的改性效果,其中木聚糖酶和纖維素酶復合處理對WF纖維改性的效果最好。生物酶和堿處理可以顯著提高復合材料中WF纖維的熱穩(wěn)定性能,并促進復合材料結晶過程。經木聚糖酶和纖維素酶改性的復合材料PFXC40的力學性能最佳,吸水率最低。(4)經木聚糖酶、纖維素酶和相容劑復合改性的復合材料PFXC40W2和經木聚糖酶、相容劑復合改性的復合材料PFX40W2的拉伸強度和彎曲性能差別不大,但復合材料PFXC40W2吸水率最低。SEM結果表明,相比其他改性方法,經過復合改性的PFX40W2和PFXC40W2復合材料中纖維與基體結合良好,界面性能得到了明顯的改善。
[Abstract]:The utilization of straw and packaging waste plastics has attracted much attention. It is of great practical significance in environmental protection and resource saving to develop the high value-added utilization technology of transforming waste into treasure. Straw fiber / waste polyethylene (WF/rPE) composites were prepared by extrusion and hot pressing with wheat straw (WF) and waste polyethylene plastic (rPE) as raw materials in Guanzhong area. The effects of particle size and addition amount of WF fiber, the kinds and contents of interfacial modifiers, the modification of biological enzymes and the composite treatment of enzyme and compatibilizer on the mechanical properties, thermal properties and water absorption of WF/rPE composites were studied. The interfacial properties and chemical composition of the composites were studied by scanning electron microscope (SEM) (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The main conclusions are as follows: (1) the mechanical properties of unmodified WF/rPE composites increase with the increase of WF fiber content. The mechanical properties of unmodified WF/rPE composites begin to decline when the fiber content exceeds 40 wt%. Among the 60 / 100 / 200 mesh straw fibers, the mechanical properties and thermal stability of the composite reinforced with 60 mesh straw fiber were the best. (2) the results of (FTIR) analysis showed that the three interfacial compatibilizers MAPE, were the best. Both MAPE wax and KH550 can react with hydroxyl groups on WF fiber. SEM results show that all three interfacial modifiers can improve the interfacial properties of the composites. When the content of WF was 40 wt%, the mechanical properties of the composites with 2wt%MAPE wax were the best, and the tensile strength, bending strength and modulus of the composites were 15.0 MPa,23.8MPa and 1646.4 MPa;, respectively. When the content of MAPE wax is more than 2 wt%, the mechanical properties of the composites are obviously decreased. The DSC curves of the composites showed that the addition of interfacial modifiers promoted the crystallization process of the composites. (3) the surface of WF fibers was modified by enzyme and alkali treatment. The effect of xylanase and cellulase on the modification of WF fiber was the best. The thermal stability of WF fibers in the composites was improved significantly by enzyme and alkali treatment, and the crystallization process of the composites was promoted. The composite PFXC40 modified by xylanase and cellulase had the best mechanical properties and the lowest water absorption. (4) the composite PFXC40W2 and Xylanase modified by xylanase, cellulase and compatibilizer, The tensile strength and flexural properties of the composite modified by compatibilizer have little difference, but the water absorption of PFXC40W2 is the lowest. The results of SEM show that, compared with other modification methods, the tensile strength and flexural properties of the composites modified by compatibilizer are not different. The interfacial properties of PFX40W2 and PFXC40W2 composites modified by the composites were improved obviously because of the good bonding between the fibers and the matrix.
【學位授予單位】：西安理工大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TB332;TQ327
本文編號：2417006
[Abstract]:The utilization of straw and packaging waste plastics has attracted much attention. It is of great practical significance in environmental protection and resource saving to develop the high value-added utilization technology of transforming waste into treasure. Straw fiber / waste polyethylene (WF/rPE) composites were prepared by extrusion and hot pressing with wheat straw (WF) and waste polyethylene plastic (rPE) as raw materials in Guanzhong area. The effects of particle size and addition amount of WF fiber, the kinds and contents of interfacial modifiers, the modification of biological enzymes and the composite treatment of enzyme and compatibilizer on the mechanical properties, thermal properties and water absorption of WF/rPE composites were studied. The interfacial properties and chemical composition of the composites were studied by scanning electron microscope (SEM) (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The main conclusions are as follows: (1) the mechanical properties of unmodified WF/rPE composites increase with the increase of WF fiber content. The mechanical properties of unmodified WF/rPE composites begin to decline when the fiber content exceeds 40 wt%. Among the 60 / 100 / 200 mesh straw fibers, the mechanical properties and thermal stability of the composite reinforced with 60 mesh straw fiber were the best. (2) the results of (FTIR) analysis showed that the three interfacial compatibilizers MAPE, were the best. Both MAPE wax and KH550 can react with hydroxyl groups on WF fiber. SEM results show that all three interfacial modifiers can improve the interfacial properties of the composites. When the content of WF was 40 wt%, the mechanical properties of the composites with 2wt%MAPE wax were the best, and the tensile strength, bending strength and modulus of the composites were 15.0 MPa,23.8MPa and 1646.4 MPa;, respectively. When the content of MAPE wax is more than 2 wt%, the mechanical properties of the composites are obviously decreased. The DSC curves of the composites showed that the addition of interfacial modifiers promoted the crystallization process of the composites. (3) the surface of WF fibers was modified by enzyme and alkali treatment. The effect of xylanase and cellulase on the modification of WF fiber was the best. The thermal stability of WF fibers in the composites was improved significantly by enzyme and alkali treatment, and the crystallization process of the composites was promoted. The composite PFXC40 modified by xylanase and cellulase had the best mechanical properties and the lowest water absorption. (4) the composite PFXC40W2 and Xylanase modified by xylanase, cellulase and compatibilizer, The tensile strength and flexural properties of the composite modified by compatibilizer have little difference, but the water absorption of PFXC40W2 is the lowest. The results of SEM show that, compared with other modification methods, the tensile strength and flexural properties of the composites modified by compatibilizer are not different. The interfacial properties of PFX40W2 and PFXC40W2 composites modified by the composites were improved obviously because of the good bonding between the fibers and the matrix.
【學位授予單位】：西安理工大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TB332;TQ327
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