【摘要】：半導(dǎo)體金屬氧化物在氣敏領(lǐng)域有重要的應(yīng)用價值。由于單一金屬氧化物基氣敏材料存在著工作溫度高、選擇性低等缺點，因而限制了它們在檢測某些有毒物質(zhì)方面的應(yīng)用。目前，金屬氧化物氣體傳感器的報道主要集中于對COx、H2及NOx等氣體的檢測，而對易揮發(fā)性有機(jī)物，尤其是低溫下對低濃度的有機(jī)揮發(fā)性氣體的研究較少。因此，合成新型氣敏材料用于低溫下檢測低濃度易揮發(fā)性有毒有害物質(zhì)具有重要現(xiàn)實意義。 基于金屬氧化物氣敏材料現(xiàn)存的問題和研究背景，本論文合成了不同形貌的納米氧化鋅及石墨烯摻雜納米氧化鋅和納米二氧化錫顆粒的復(fù)合材料，研究了材料的形貌、結(jié)構(gòu)及石墨烯的摻雜量對其氣敏性能的影響，得到系列可用于檢測有機(jī)揮發(fā)性物質(zhì)的有價值數(shù)據(jù)，主要內(nèi)容和結(jié)論如下： （1）利用水熱法，制備出了形貌可控的納米氧化鋅，考察了其對多種揮發(fā)性有機(jī)物的氣敏特性。結(jié)果表明，形貌對氧化鋅的氣敏性有很大影響。具有長徑比的柱狀的氧化鋅在100oC下對三乙胺有很好的靈敏度和選擇性，而片層狀的氧化鋅對乙醛有很好的響應(yīng)。 （2）一步水熱法制備了石墨烯摻雜柱形氧化鋅納米復(fù)合材料，考察了石墨烯的摻雜量對材料氣敏性能的影響。結(jié)果表明，石墨烯的摻雜量對復(fù)合材料的氣敏性產(chǎn)生了很大影響，氧化鋅/石墨烯復(fù)合材料對乙二醇等揮發(fā)性有機(jī)物的響應(yīng)和選擇性明顯優(yōu)于純氧化鋅，當(dāng)石墨烯的摻雜量為1.2wt.%時，復(fù)合材料對乙二醇的氣敏性達(dá)到最高，表明柱形氧化鋅經(jīng)過適量石墨烯修飾，可以有效地應(yīng)用于檢測低濃度揮發(fā)性的乙二醇。 （3）采用水熱法制備了石墨烯摻雜錐尖形納米氧化鋅復(fù)合材料，研究了復(fù)合材料的結(jié)構(gòu)、形貌及其氣敏性能。闡述了石墨烯摻雜量對氣敏性影響的機(jī)理。結(jié)果表明，相比純納米氧化鋅，這種石墨烯摻雜氧化鋅復(fù)合材料對乙醇胺的氣敏響應(yīng)大大增加，且當(dāng)石墨烯的摻雜量為0.25wt.%時，復(fù)合材料對乙醇胺表現(xiàn)出最佳的氣敏特性。 （4）水熱法制備了石墨烯摻雜二氧化錫納米復(fù)合材料，并對其氣敏性進(jìn)行了研究。結(jié)果表明：石墨烯的引入可以提高二氧化錫材料的氣敏性，復(fù)合材料的氣敏性均優(yōu)于純二氧化錫，在120oC條件下，石墨烯的摻雜量為0.6wt.%的復(fù)合材料對甲醛表現(xiàn)出最佳的氣敏性能。
[Abstract]:And the semiconductor metal oxide has important application value in the field of gas sensitive. The single metal oxide-based gas-sensitive material has the disadvantages of high operating temperature, low selectivity and the like, thereby limiting the application of the single metal oxide-based gas-sensitive material in the detection of certain toxic substances. At present, the report of the metal oxide gas sensor is mainly focused on the detection of the gas such as COx, H2 and NOx, and the low-concentration organic volatile gas is low in the volatile organic matter, especially at low temperature. Therefore, the synthesis of a new type of gas-sensitive material is of great practical significance for detecting low-concentration volatile and toxic and harmful substances at low temperature. Based on the existing problems and research background of the metal oxide gas-sensitive material, the composite materials of the nano-zinc oxide and the graphene-doped nano-zinc oxide and the nano-tin oxide particles with different shapes are synthesized and the shape of the material is studied. The influence of the doping amount of the appearance, the structure and the graphene on the gas-sensitive property, and the obtained series can be used for detecting the valuable data, the main contents and the conclusions of the organic volatile substances, such as Next: (1) The water heat method was used to prepare the nano-sized nano-particles with controllable morphology. Zinc oxide, which is used to study the gas of many kinds of volatile organic compounds The results show that the appearance of zinc oxide is sensitive to the gas-sensitive property of zinc oxide. The large-diameter zinc oxide has good sensitivity and selectivity to triethylamine at 100oC, and the lamellar zinc oxide has good effect on acetaldehyde. and (2) preparing a graphene-doped cylindrical zinc oxide nano composite material by a one-step water thermal method, The results show that the doping amount of the graphene has a great influence on the gas-sensitive property of the composite material, the response and the selectivity of the zinc oxide/ graphene composite material to the volatile organic matters such as ethylene glycol are obviously superior to the pure zinc oxide, and when the doping amount of the graphene is When 1. 2wt.%, the gas sensitivity of the composite to the ethylene glycol reaches the highest, indicating that the cylindrical zinc oxide is modified by a proper amount of graphene and can be effectively applied to the detection of the low-concentration volatilization. (3) The graphene-doped cone-shaped nano-zinc oxide composite was prepared by hydrothermal method, and the structure and shape of the composite were studied. Appearance and gas-sensitive properties of graphene are described. The amount of graphene doping is described. The results show that the gas-sensitive response of the graphene-doped zinc oxide composite to the ethanolamine is greatly increased compared with the pure nano-zinc oxide, and when the doping amount of the graphene in that case of 0. 25wt.%, the composite material showed that ethanolamine and (4) preparing the graphene-doped tin dioxide nano composite material by the water thermal method, and the graphene-doped tin dioxide nano composite material The results show that the introduction of the graphene can improve the gas sensitivity of the tin dioxide material, the gas sensitivity of the composite material is better than that of the pure tin dioxide, and under the condition of 120oC, the graphene the formaldehyde table of the composite material with the doping amount of 0. 6wt.%
【學(xué)位授予單位】：太原理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TB383.1

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