【摘要】：本實驗以7075鋁合金為基體材料,采用擠壓鑄造法將鋁合金熔體壓入粉煤灰顆粒堆積體內(nèi),制得復(fù)合材料。研究了壓力、澆注溫度、粉煤灰的體積分?jǐn)?shù)等參數(shù)對材料制備的影響;通過對復(fù)合材料及基體合金進(jìn)行金相分析、環(huán)境掃描電子顯微分析、密度分析、布氏硬度分析、摩擦磨損性能測試等研究,探討壓力、澆鑄溫度、粉煤灰顆粒的體積分?jǐn)?shù)對粉煤灰顆粒增強(qiáng)鋁基復(fù)合材料顯微結(jié)構(gòu)、物理性能的影響。研究了粉煤灰體積分?jǐn)?shù)、粉煤灰尺寸范圍大小、磨損時間對復(fù)合材料摩擦磨損性能的影響,同時對復(fù)合材料的摩擦表面組織形貌及磨屑形貌進(jìn)行了初步的分析,從而對復(fù)合材料的摩擦磨損機(jī)理特征進(jìn)行探討。研究結(jié)果表明:(1)通過擠壓鑄造的方法可以制備出來高體積分?jǐn)?shù)的粉煤灰顆粒增強(qiáng)鋁基復(fù)合材料,一般壓力越大晶粒越細(xì),界面結(jié)合越好,但同時也會造成一定的缺陷,例如粉煤灰微珠破裂;(2)澆注溫度越高,粉煤灰分布的越均勻,粉煤灰和金屬聯(lián)系的更加緊密,但同時由于溫度過高也會產(chǎn)生氣泡、縮孔等缺陷;(3)粉煤灰的加入改善了材料的磨損性能,使材料的摩擦系數(shù)增大,于此同時,摩擦系數(shù)穩(wěn)定性得到提高。同時,隨著復(fù)合材料部分粉煤灰的相對含量增加,復(fù)合材料的摩擦磨損性能得到提高,粉煤灰體積分?jǐn)?shù)為20%時,其摩擦磨損性能最佳。(4)加入小尺寸范圍(106-212μm)的粉煤灰顆粒的復(fù)合材料比加入大尺寸范圍(0-400μm)的粉煤灰顆粒的復(fù)合材料摩擦磨損性能好;(5)10 min為復(fù)合材料的磨損臨界時間點,當(dāng)磨損時間超過10 min后,磨損率增長幅度變大,磨損加快;(6)在摩擦磨損過程中,從復(fù)合材料中脫落下來的粉煤灰顆粒保留在兩對磨面之間可以起到類似“滾珠”的作用,形成“三體”磨損,繼而起到了減少磨損的作用(軸承效應(yīng))。
[Abstract]:In this experiment, 7075 aluminum alloy was used as the matrix material, the aluminum alloy melt was pressed into the fly ash particle accumulator by squeeze casting method, and the composite material was prepared. The effects of pressure, pouring temperature and volume fraction of fly ash on the preparation of the material were studied. By means of metallographic analysis, environmental scanning electron microscopy, density analysis, Brinell hardness analysis and friction and wear test, the pressure and casting temperature were discussed. Effect of volume fraction of fly ash particles on microstructure and physical properties of aluminum matrix composites reinforced by fly ash particles. The effects of volume fraction of fly ash, size range of fly ash and wear time on the friction and wear properties of composites were studied. Thus, the friction and wear mechanism of the composite is discussed. The results show that: (1) the high volume fraction fly ash particle reinforced aluminum matrix composites can be prepared by squeeze casting. The higher the pressure, the finer the grain size, the better the interfacial bonding, but at the same time, some defects will be caused. For example, fly ash microbeads rupture; (2) the higher the pouring temperature, the more uniform the distribution of fly ash, and the closer the relation between fly ash and metal. (3) the addition of fly ash improves the wear performance of the material, increases the friction coefficient of the material, and at the same time, the stability of the friction coefficient is improved. At the same time, with the increase of the relative content of fly ash, the friction and wear properties of the composite are improved, when the volume fraction of fly ash is 20, The friction and wear properties of the composites are the best. (4) the friction and wear properties of the composites with small size fly ash particles (106-212 渭 m) are better than those with large size fly ash particles (0-400 渭 m). (5) 10 min is the critical wear time point of the composites. When the wear time exceeds 10 min, the wear rate increases greatly and the wear rate accelerates. (6) in the process of friction and wear, the particles of fly ash falling off from the composite material can play a similar role to "ball" between the two pairs of abrasive surfaces and form "three-body" wear. In turn, it has the effect of reducing wear (bearing effect).
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南昌大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TB333

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