本文選題：剝離 + 新型活性有機(jī)土��； 參考：《青島科技大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：少量的納米級(jí)蒙脫土可明顯提高高分子材料的熱穩(wěn)定性、物理機(jī)械性能等。聚合物/納米蒙脫土材料作為一種新型的納米復(fù)合材料,具有傳統(tǒng)聚合物/無(wú)機(jī)填料復(fù)合材料無(wú)法比擬的優(yōu)點(diǎn),因此,制備能夠在聚合物中更好發(fā)揮納米效應(yīng)的有機(jī)蒙脫土是制備高性能復(fù)合材料的關(guān)鍵。傳統(tǒng)的惰性有機(jī)蒙脫土常用碳鏈長(zhǎng)度在C12到C18之間的烷基溴化銨和烷基氯化銨進(jìn)行改性,層間距通常在1.5~3.5nm之間,對(duì)復(fù)合材料的性能提高不顯著。因此如何制備高剝離度的有機(jī)蒙脫土成為改性硅酸鹽粒子的難題,迄今為止還沒(méi)有文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道過(guò)改性的有機(jī)蒙脫土層間距超過(guò)6nm。本論文采用自己合成的陽(yáng)離子水性大分子聚氨酯作為插層劑改性鈉基蒙脫土得到高剝離的新型活性有機(jī)蒙脫土。深入研究了活性有機(jī)土的含量對(duì)聚氨酯彈性體和橡膠性能的影響。本論文具體包括以下三部分:1、詳細(xì)探究了新型活性有機(jī)蒙脫土的制備。創(chuàng)新的采用自制的端羥基和雙鍵封端的陽(yáng)離子聚氨酯作為插層劑,在高速攪拌超聲下對(duì)鈉基蒙脫土進(jìn)行改性,最后經(jīng)洗滌、過(guò)濾、研磨后制備出活性有機(jī)蒙脫土。對(duì)制備的有機(jī)土進(jìn)行紅外、熱重、X衍射和透射電鏡等分析表征,結(jié)果表明:用兩種相對(duì)分子質(zhì)量不同的水性聚氨酯制備出兩種活性土,一是含活性羥基聚合物改性的蒙脫土(HOMMT),層間距為6.29 nm;二是含活性雙鍵聚合物改性的蒙脫土(DOMMT),完全剝離。2、詳細(xì)探究了HOMMT對(duì)聚氨酯彈性體的性能影響。本論文將層間距為6.29nm的活性有機(jī)蒙脫土加入到聚氨酯彈性體中,詳細(xì)的探討了有機(jī)土含量對(duì)彈性體力學(xué)和熱力學(xué)性能的影響。采用X衍射、差熱掃描量熱法、掃描電鏡、透射電鏡、材料拉伸機(jī)、熱失重分析等檢測(cè)手段分別對(duì)復(fù)合材料的結(jié)構(gòu)和性能進(jìn)行了分析表征。結(jié)果表明:當(dāng)有機(jī)蒙脫土的質(zhì)量百分含量為2%時(shí),片層硅酸鹽粒子在聚氨酯基體內(nèi)分散較均勻,形成了以剝離型為主、插層型為輔的復(fù)合型結(jié)構(gòu)。聚醚型聚氨酯脲復(fù)合材料的拉伸強(qiáng)度比純聚氨酯脲提高了21%,斷裂伸長(zhǎng)率提高了12%,復(fù)合材料的玻璃化轉(zhuǎn)變溫度提高了5.8℃,第一失重區(qū)最高分解溫度和第二失重區(qū)的最高分解溫度高出純聚氨酯10.3℃和12.7℃。無(wú)機(jī)納米片層硅酸鹽粒子的存在,聚氨酯橡膠的強(qiáng)度、韌性和熱穩(wěn)定性均得到改善。3、詳細(xì)探究了DOMMT對(duì)氫化丁腈橡膠(HNBR)復(fù)合材料性能的影響。本論文制備了一系列DOMMT/HNBR納米復(fù)合材料,探究了DOMMT的含量對(duì)氫化丁腈復(fù)合材料機(jī)械、熱力學(xué)性能的影響。采用掃描電鏡、材料拉伸機(jī)、阿克隆磨耗機(jī)、熱失重分析、動(dòng)態(tài)熱機(jī)械分析等檢測(cè)手段分別對(duì)HNBR/DOMMT復(fù)合材料的結(jié)構(gòu)性能進(jìn)行了分析表征。結(jié)果證明:DOMMT中的活性雙鍵會(huì)與氫化丁腈橡膠大分子鏈中雙鍵發(fā)生交聯(lián)反應(yīng)。加入DOMMT后,HNBR納米復(fù)合材料的力學(xué)性能、熱力學(xué)性能以及動(dòng)態(tài)性能都有很大程度的提高,且DOMMT對(duì)HNBR復(fù)合材料有增韌效果。3份的DOMMT使復(fù)合材料的耐磨性提高了24.7%,硬度提高了6%,抗拉強(qiáng)度提高了4 MPa,撕裂強(qiáng)度提高了30%。
[Abstract]:A small amount of nanoscale montmorillonite can obviously improve the thermal stability and physical and mechanical properties of polymer materials. As a new type of nanocomposite, polymer / nano montmorillonite has an incomparable advantage to the traditional polymer / inorganic filler composites. Therefore, the preparation of nano effect can be made in the polymer. The mechanical montmorillonite is the key to the preparation of high performance composites. The conventional inert organic montmorillonite is modified by the alkyl ammonium bromide and alkyl ammonium chloride between C12 and C18. The interval between layers is usually between 1.5~3.5nm, and the properties of the composites are not significantly improved. The problem of sex silicate particles has not been reported so far. The modified organic montmorillonite is more than 6nm., and the cationic aqueous macromolecule polyurethane is used as the intercalating agent modified sodium montmorillonite to get high peeling active organic montmorillonite. The effect of ammonia ester elastomer and rubber properties. This paper includes the following three parts: 1, the preparation of new active organic montmorillonite is discussed in detail. The innovative cationic polyurethane with the hydroxyl and double bond ends as intercalation agent is used to modify the sodium montmorillonite under high speed stirring, and finally washed, filtered and studied. The active organic montmorillonite was prepared after grinding. The prepared organic soil was characterized by infrared, thermogravimetric, X diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. The results showed that two kinds of active soil were prepared by two kinds of aqueous polyurethane with different molecular weight, one was HOMMT with active hydroxyl polymer, and the interval of layer was 6.29 nm, and two was active double. The bond polymer modified montmorillonite (DOMMT) was completely stripped of.2, and the effect of HOMMT on the properties of polyurethane elastomer was investigated in detail. In this paper, the active organic montmorillonite with the interval of 6.29nm was added to the polyurethane elastomer, and the effects of the organic soil content on the elastic physical and thermodynamic properties were discussed in detail. The X diffraction and differential thermal sweep were used. The structure and properties of the composite were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, material stretching machine and thermal weight loss analysis. The results showed that when the mass content of the organic montmorillonite was 2%, the layer silicate particles were dispersed more evenly in the polyurethane base, forming a peeling type and intercalation. The tensile strength of polyether polyurethane urea composites increased by 21%, the elongation at break increased by 12%, the glass transition temperature of the composites increased by 5.8, and the highest decomposition temperature in the first weightless zone and the highest decomposition temperature in the second weightless zone were higher than the pure polyurethane 10.3 and 12.7 centigrade. The presence of nanoscalililicate particles, the strength, toughness and thermal stability of the polyurethane rubber were improved.3. The effect of DOMMT on the properties of hydrogenated nitrile rubber (HNBR) composites was investigated in detail. A series of DOMMT/HNBR nanocomposites were prepared in this paper, and the content of DOMMT was investigated for the mechanical and thermodynamic properties of hydrogenated nitrile composites. The structural properties of HNBR/DOMMT composites are characterized by scanning electron microscopy, material stretching machine, Akron wear machine, thermal weight loss analysis and dynamic thermomechanical analysis. The results show that the active double bond in DOMMT will cross link with the double bond in the hydrogenated butadiene rubber macromolecule chain. After DOMMT, the mechanical properties, thermodynamic properties and dynamic properties of the HNBR nanocomposites have been greatly improved. The wear resistance of the composites is increased by 24.7%, the hardness is increased by 6%, the tensile strength is increased by 4 MPa, and the tear strength increases 30%., and the tensile strength of the composite material has a.3 portion of DOMMT.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：青島科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TB332

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本文編號(hào)：2023819