本文選題：貴金屬納米結(jié)構(gòu) + 伽伐尼反應(yīng)�。� 參考：《溫州大學》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：貴金屬納米結(jié)構(gòu)因其獨特的物理、化學性質(zhì)、豐富的形貌而具有廣泛的應(yīng)用前景。眾所周知,貴金屬納米結(jié)構(gòu)的性質(zhì)由一系列物理參數(shù)來決定,這些參數(shù)包括形狀、尺寸、組成及結(jié)構(gòu)等。目前,科研人員己經(jīng)開發(fā)很多制備技術(shù)。通過這些技術(shù),可以設(shè)計和可控制備貴金屬納米結(jié)構(gòu)以及性質(zhì),從而使他們能夠在眾多領(lǐng)域尤其是電化學催化、燃料電池、生化檢測、醫(yī)藥及傳感等方面得到應(yīng)用。本論文基于伽伐尼取代和選擇性刻蝕可控制備了不同形貌的中空、多孔貴金屬納米結(jié)構(gòu),探討了其反應(yīng)機理,并研究了其催化、自修復性質(zhì)。主要內(nèi)容分為以下三個部分:(1)Ag-Pt雙金屬中空納米線的制備。通過Ag納米顆粒和Pt(IV)之間的伽伐尼取代反應(yīng),制備了不同形貌的Ag-Pt納米結(jié)構(gòu)。系統(tǒng)的考察了AgN03、PDDA、TEG、NaO H對Ag-Pt納米結(jié)構(gòu)生長過程的影響,并且對合成的納米結(jié)構(gòu)進行了甲醇、乙醇電催化性能測試,結(jié)果表明:由于一維線狀空心納米結(jié)構(gòu)比表面積大,活性位點多,因此具有很好的催化效果。(2)選擇性刻蝕和生長制備不同形貌的Au-Pt納米環(huán)。合成過程中溶液中的02對Au納米顆粒具有刻蝕作用,發(fā)現(xiàn)其選擇性的刻蝕Au納米顆粒的外圍晶棱,刻蝕導致這些部位出現(xiàn)了大量的高活性位點。同時,H2PtCl6被溶液中的抗壞血酸(AA)還原,生成的Pt選擇性的生長在這些活性位點上,從而保護了該部位的Au不被刻蝕。因此,刻蝕轉(zhuǎn)向沒有P t的{111}面上。最終,大部分Au被刻蝕,形成環(huán)狀納米結(jié)構(gòu)。此外,我們還考察了其它反應(yīng)條件的影響,如反應(yīng)時間和反應(yīng)溫度對最終結(jié)構(gòu)的影響。(3)Au-Pt納米環(huán)的自修復生長。以制備的Au-Pt納米環(huán)為模板,加入不同的貴金屬修復劑,例如,HAuCU、AgN03、H2PdCl4等,通過調(diào)節(jié)修復劑與還原劑(AA)的比例,實現(xiàn)納米環(huán)的自修復生長。研究表明,HAuCU、AgN03作為修復劑時,原先的納米結(jié)構(gòu)可以很好的完成修復生長;H2PdCU作為修復劑,納米結(jié)構(gòu)不能完全修復。因此,要完成納米結(jié)構(gòu)的自修復生長,修復劑的選擇,修復劑與還原劑比例的調(diào)控是兩個關(guān)鍵因素。
[Abstract]:Noble metal nanostructures have a wide range of applications due to their unique physical, chemical properties and rich morphology. It is well known that the properties of noble metal nanostructures are determined by a series of physical parameters, including shape, size, composition and structure. At present, researchers have developed a lot of preparation technology. Through these technologies, noble metal nanostructures and properties can be designed and controlled, which will enable them to be applied in many fields, especially in electrochemical catalysis, fuel cell, biochemical detection, medicine and sensing. Based on the Gavani substitution and selective etching, hollow and porous noble metal nanostructures with different morphologies were prepared and their reaction mechanism was discussed. The catalytic and self-repairing properties of the nanostructures were also studied. The main contents are divided into the following three parts: the preparation of hollow nanowires of Ag-Pt. The Ag-Pt nanostructures with different morphologies were prepared by the Gavani substitution reaction between Ag nanoparticles and PTIV. The effect of AgN03PDDATTEGN NaH on the growth process of Ag-Pt nanostructures was systematically investigated, and the electrocatalytic properties of the synthesized nanostructures were tested by methanol and ethanol. The results showed that the one-dimensional linear hollow nanostructures had large specific surface area and many active sites. Therefore, the Au-Pt nanorings with different morphologies were prepared by selective etching and growth. The au nanoparticles were etched by 02 in the solution during the synthesis process. It was found that the selective etching of the peripheral edges of au nanoparticles resulted in a large number of highly active sites in these sites. At the same time, H2PtCl6 is reduced by ascorbic acid (AAA) in the solution, and the resulting Pt selectively grows on these active sites, thus protecting the au from etching. Therefore, the etching turns to the {111} surface without P t. Eventually, most au was etched to form annular nanostructures. In addition, the effects of other reaction conditions, such as reaction time and reaction temperature, on the final structure were investigated. The self-repair growth of Au-Pt nanorods was achieved by adjusting the ratio of repair agent to reductant, by adding different precious metal repair agents, such as HAuCUN AgN03H2PdCl _ 4, using the prepared Au-Pt nanospheres as template, and adding different precious metal repairable agents such as HAuCUN AgN03H _ 2PdCl _ 4 etc. The results showed that when HAuCUN AgN03 was used as the repair agent, the original nanostructures could be successfully repaired with H2PdCU as the repair agent, and the nanostructures could not be completely repaired. Therefore, in order to complete the self-repair growth of nanostructures, the selection of the repair agent and the control of the ratio of the repair agent to the reducing agent are two key factors.
【學位授予單位】：溫州大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TB383.1

【共引文獻】

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本文編號：1900771