本文選題：碳納米管　切入點(diǎn)：功能化　出處：《南京航空航天大學(xué)》2015年博士論文

【摘要】：以碳納米管為典型的納米材料因其獨(dú)特的結(jié)構(gòu)以及奇異的性質(zhì),在各產(chǎn)業(yè)領(lǐng)域內(nèi)創(chuàng)造了巨大的應(yīng)用前景,正潛移默化地推動著一場新產(chǎn)業(yè)革命,逐漸滲透進(jìn)入并改變了人們的生活。如在生物醫(yī)學(xué)領(lǐng)域中,基于碳納米管發(fā)展起來的生物成像、載藥、檢測等納米醫(yī)學(xué)技術(shù),有望為腫瘤的早期診斷與治療方法的突破提供新的思路;另外,碳納米管作為吸附材料顯示出相較于傳統(tǒng)吸附劑更加高效的應(yīng)用效率,有望為目前日益嚴(yán)重的各類廢物處置提供幫助。然而,在碳納米管等納米材料大規(guī)模用于產(chǎn)業(yè)化應(yīng)用的道路中,仍然有許多問題亟待解決或加以改進(jìn)。本論文正是在這樣一個大背景下,針對某些具體應(yīng)用中的特定問題,設(shè)計(jì)構(gòu)建了功能化的碳納米管材料體系,主要研究了其在生物醫(yī)學(xué)應(yīng)用中的一些基礎(chǔ)問題以及作為吸附材料方向上的初步應(yīng)用,同時也從納米材料的構(gòu)建方法角度作了討論。具體研究內(nèi)容與結(jié)果闡述如下:(1)發(fā)展了以水溶性殼聚糖修飾為基礎(chǔ)的碳納米管生物功能化方法,一方面改善了碳納米管的固有缺點(diǎn),為其在生物醫(yī)學(xué)領(lǐng)域的應(yīng)用提供前提條件;另一方面,基于殼聚糖的修飾,在碳納米管體系中可以后續(xù)引入多種生物功能性分子,如熒光標(biāo)記物、腫瘤靶向分子,以及各類藥物等。經(jīng)殼聚糖修飾的碳納米管具有良好的生物相容性,可以有效地被細(xì)胞攝入,有利于該體系在生物醫(yī)學(xué)中的各類應(yīng)用。(2)構(gòu)建了以殼聚糖修飾的碳納米管為載體,茶多酚為負(fù)載藥物的納米載藥體系,研究了以主動方式調(diào)控藥物釋放的方法,分別以溶液p H、溫度、γ射線照射為觸發(fā)器,探討了在上述外界條件影響下水溶液中茶多酚/碳納米管載藥體系中的藥物釋放行為,從光譜分析的層面驗(yàn)證了藥物的釋放,為后續(xù)的細(xì)胞及活體內(nèi)應(yīng)用提供研究基礎(chǔ)。(3)設(shè)計(jì)了雙熒光標(biāo)記的碳納米管探針,將其應(yīng)用于亞細(xì)胞層次的胞內(nèi)示蹤,分別從碳納米管與細(xì)胞的相互作用以及載藥體系在細(xì)胞內(nèi)部的作用機(jī)制兩個科學(xué)問題角度進(jìn)行了討論。利用多功能熒光標(biāo)記的方法以及靈敏的共聚焦顯微成像技術(shù),首次從直觀成像的角度示蹤了碳納米管在細(xì)胞內(nèi)的小泡運(yùn)輸過程,以及碳納米管載藥體系在細(xì)胞內(nèi)部轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)過程中藥物的特定釋放過程。該結(jié)果為碳納米管與生物體系的相互作用機(jī)制提供了信息,同時也為載藥體系的機(jī)制理解與新設(shè)計(jì)提供了思路。(4)構(gòu)建了兩類以碳納米管為基礎(chǔ)的功能性吸附材料,初步探討了其對于水體中特定物質(zhì)的吸附應(yīng)用。主要針對碳納米管本身作為吸附材料在實(shí)際應(yīng)用中的固有缺點(diǎn),如難于分離或成型等限制因素,提出了磁性碳納米管吸附材料以及碳納米管宏觀體吸附材料的改進(jìn)設(shè)計(jì)概念,分別從磁分離方法的角度和塊狀材料成型的角度出發(fā),拓展了碳納米管作為吸附材料在實(shí)際應(yīng)用中的可操作性與實(shí)用性。(5)制備了多功能的碳納米管宏觀體吸附材料,討論了其在放射性廢水處理中的應(yīng)用前景。以碳納米管海綿狀骨架材料為模板,在孔壁中引入了具有離子交換性能的普魯士藍(lán)類化合物,得到了多功能的吸附材料,在保留了納米材料的優(yōu)秀特性的同時改善了其單獨(dú)使用時的缺陷。該吸附材料在對多種金屬離子混合溶液的吸附實(shí)驗(yàn)中表現(xiàn)出對銫、鍶等常見放射性離子較高的吸附能力與選擇性,并且因其塊狀多孔的宏觀材料特點(diǎn),有望后續(xù)加工成實(shí)用裝置,在當(dāng)前日益受關(guān)切的大規(guī)模放射性廢水處理中得到應(yīng)用。(6)發(fā)展了以水溶性殼聚糖為分子模板的γ輻照合成納米粒子的方法,構(gòu)建了納米金、納米銀等具有表面等離子激元共振性質(zhì)的功能納米材料,并將γ輻照方法的“綠色”特點(diǎn)與納米粒子的生物成像應(yīng)用相結(jié)合,在暗場環(huán)境下粒子呈現(xiàn)出良好的散射光成像效果。γ輻照方法的諸多優(yōu)點(diǎn)使其在制備用于生物醫(yī)學(xué)方向的納米材料上具有很好的應(yīng)用前景,并且加以改進(jìn)和擴(kuò)展,有望高效制備出如納米粒子與碳納米管結(jié)合的功能性納米復(fù)合材料體系。
[Abstract]:Using carbon nanotubes as typical nano materials because of its unique structure and special properties, in the industry to create a great prospect, are subtly driving a new industrial revolution, gradually penetrated into and changed people's lives. Such as in the field of biomedicine, drug biological imaging, carbon nanotubes based on the development of nano technology in medicine, testing, is expected to provide new ideas for early diagnosis and treatment methods of tumor breakthrough; in addition, carbon nanotubes as adsorption materials show the application efficiency compared with the traditional adsorbent is more efficient, is expected to present all kinds of waste disposal serious help. However, in carbon carbon nanotubes were used for large-scale industrial application of the road, there are still many problems to be solved or improved. This paper is in such a background, the Some specific problems in the specific application, design and construct the system of functional carbon nanotube materials, mainly studies some basic problems in biomedical applications as well as the application of adsorption materials on the direction, but also from the perspective of construction method of nano materials are discussed. The specific research contents and results of this thesis are as follows: (1) developed with water-soluble chitosan modified carbon nanotubes biofunctionalization method based on one hand, improve the inherent disadvantages of carbon nanotubes, provide the prerequisite for its application in the biomedical field; on the other hand, modified chitosan based on carbon nanotubes in the system can follow the introduction of a variety of biological functional molecules, such as fluorescent markers, tumor targeting molecules, and all kinds of drugs. The chitosan modified carbon nanotubes have good biocompatibility, can effectively be cellular uptake, This system is conducive to applications in various applications. (2) constructed using chitosan modified carbon nanotubes as the carrier, tea polyphenols as drug loaded nanoparticle drug delivery system, studied the method of drug release control in active mode, respectively in P solution H, temperature, gamma ray irradiation as a trigger, discussed in the above conditions under the influence of tea polyphenols solution / carbon nanotube supported drug release behavior in the system, from the spectral analysis to verify the level of drug release, and provide basis for the study of living cells and subsequent application. (3) the design of carbon nanotube probe double fluorescence labeling and its application in subcellular level intracellular tracer, from the angles of mechanism of interaction between carbon nanotubes and cell and drug carrier system in the interior of the cell of the two scientific problems are discussed. By using the method of fluorescence labeling and sensitive function The confocal microscopic imaging technique, for the first time from the perspective of the intuitive imaging tracer vesicular transport of carbon nanotubes in cells, the specific process and release of carbon nanotubes as drug delivery system of drugs inside cells in the transport process. The results of carbon nanotubes and the interaction mechanism of biological system to provide information, but also provides ideas for understanding the mechanism of drug delivery system and new design. (4) based on two kinds of carbon nanotube based functional adsorption material, discusses its application for the adsorption of specific substances in water. Mainly for the carbon nano tube itself as adsorption material in the practical application of the inherent disadvantages, such as difficulty to separation or molding and other limiting factors, put forward the adsorption material of magnetic carbon nanotubes and carbon nanotube macrostructures adsorption materials to improve the design concept, from the angle of magnetic separation method and bulk material The type of point of view, expand the carbon nanotubes as adsorption material in the practical application of the maneuverability and practicability. (5) carbon nanotube macrostructures multifunctional adsorption material was prepared and discussed its application prospect in the treatment of radioactive wastewater. The carbon nanotube sponge skeleton material as a template in Kong Bizhong introduces a Prussian blue ion exchange performance, obtained the adsorption material function, improve the separate use of defects in keep the excellent properties of nanometer materials at the same time. The adsorbent in the adsorption experiment of various metal ions in the mixed solution showed the adsorption capacity and selectivity of strontium and cesium, etc. common radioactive ion is high, and because of its characteristics of macroscopic material of porous block, is expected to further processing into practical devices, obtained in the current increasingly concern about the massive radioactive waste treatment Application. (6) the development of methods for gamma irradiation synthesis of nanoparticles with water-soluble chitosan as the template molecule, constructed gold nanoparticles, functional nano materials nano silver with surface plasmon resonance properties, and gamma irradiation method of "green" characteristics of nano particles and biological imaging applications combine in the dark environment particle scattering light shows good imaging effect. Has a good application prospect of nano materials has many advantages in the gamma irradiation method for the preparation of biomedical direction, and to be improved and extended, prepared with nanoparticles and carbon nanotubes functional nano composite system is expected to be efficient.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京航空航天大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TQ127.11;TB383.1

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