本文關(guān)鍵詞： 納米SiO2顆粒 表面改性 巖芯 鋪展 驅(qū)油　出處：《西安石油大學》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：目前,國內(nèi)外油田的開采過程中普遍存在著低滲透油田所占比例大、采收率較低的問題。隨著納米技術(shù)的不斷發(fā)展,人們提出了利用納米顆粒進行驅(qū)油以提高原油采收率的新思路。本文采用廉價、易得、無污染的納米Si O2顆粒作為油田用驅(qū)替劑的添加劑,以TEOS為原料,選用溶膠-凝膠法合成納米級Si O2顆粒,并采用二氯二甲基硅烷對其表面進行疏水化改性,考察不同方法改性后顆粒的粒徑、表面潤濕性及其分散效果。將親/疏水化程度不同的納米Si O2分散在水溶液中制成顆粒水基分散液,從微觀角度出發(fā),利用電子顯微鏡觀察納米流體鋪展后,Si O2顆粒對巖芯壁面的微觀作用;從宏觀角度出發(fā),測試納米流體與原油之間的界面張力值,進行巖芯驅(qū)替實驗,評價不同種類納米流體的驅(qū)油效果,旨在提高原油的采收率,探索其驅(qū)油的作用機理。研究結(jié)果表明,溶膠-凝膠法合成的納米Si O2顆粒可通過調(diào)整母液的酸堿度、攪拌速度等措施有效的控制顆粒粒徑、反應時間及最終產(chǎn)量。尤其是當反應母液的p H等于8時,反應時間僅需12小時,且收率可達80%;合成的納米Si O2顆粒呈均勻分散的球形,平均粒徑為38 nm。對其表面進行疏水化改性時,不同改性方法處理后的顆粒粒徑出現(xiàn)明顯的差異,且疏水化程度的可控范圍不同;效果最好的是使用二氯二甲基硅烷進行一步法改性,改性后顆粒粒徑分布均勻,僅為10 nm。將親/疏水化程度不同的納米Si O2制成質(zhì)量分數(shù)為0.05%的顆粒水基分散液后進行測試可知,納米流體能夠顯著的降低油水界面張力,提高原油的采收率,尤其是親水性的S-05。綜合上述實驗結(jié)果可歸納得出利用納米流體進行驅(qū)油的作用機理。由于納米Si O2顆粒的加入,油水界面張力大大降低,提高了驅(qū)替劑的洗油效率。隨著納米流體不斷進入儲層,Si O2顆�？梢酝黄茙r芯表面附著的水化層及油層,在部分區(qū)域進行選擇性吸附,形成微-納米疏水結(jié)構(gòu),不僅發(fā)揮了剝離原油的作用,且能夠在后期的注水過程中起到一定的降壓增注效果。
[Abstract]:At present, the problems of low permeability oil fields and low oil recovery exist in the production process of oil fields at home and abroad. With the development of nanotechnology, In this paper, the cheap, easily available and pollution-free nano-SiO _ 2 particles are used as additives of displacement agent for oil field, and TEOS is used as raw material. Nanometer Sio _ 2 particles were synthesized by sol-gel method and hydrophobically modified by dichlorodimethylsilane. Surface wettability and dispersion effect. Nanometer Sio _ 2 with different degree of hydrophobicity and hydrophobicity was dispersed in aqueous solution to form granular water-based dispersion. The microcosmic effect of Sio _ 2 particles on core wall was observed by electron microscope, and the interfacial tension between nano-fluid and crude oil was measured from a macro point of view, and the core displacement experiment was carried out. The purpose of evaluating the oil displacement effect of different kinds of nano-fluids is to improve the oil recovery and explore the mechanism of oil displacement. The results show that the sol-gel synthesis of nano-SiO _ 2 particles can adjust the pH of the mother liquor. The stirring rate can effectively control particle size, reaction time and final yield, especially when pH of the mother liquor is 8:00, reaction time is only 12 hours, and the yield can be up to 80. The synthesized nano-SiO _ 2 particles are uniformly dispersed spherical. The average particle size is 38 nm. When the surface is modified by hydrophobicity, the particle size of different modification methods is obviously different, and the controllable range of hydrophobic degree is different. The best effect is to use dichlorodimethylsilane for one-step modification, and the particle size distribution is uniform after modification. It is only 10 nm. The nano-SiO _ 2 with different hydrophobicity and hydrophilic degree is prepared into 0.05% particle water-based dispersion. The results show that the nano-fluid can significantly reduce the oil-water interfacial tension and improve the oil recovery. Especially the hydrophilic S-05.Combined with the above experimental results, the mechanism of oil displacement using nano-fluids can be concluded. Because of the addition of nano-SiO _ 2 particles, the interfacial tension of oil and water can be greatly reduced. The oil washing efficiency of the displacement agent is improved. With the constant entry of nano-fluids into the reservoir, Sio _ 2 particles can break through the hydration layer and the oil layer attached to the core surface, and selectively adsorb in some areas to form a micro-nano hydrophobic structure. It not only plays the role of stripping crude oil, but also plays a certain effect of reducing pressure and increasing injection in the later water injection process.
【學位授予單位】：西安石油大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TE357.4;TB383.1

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