本文關鍵詞：低頻吸聲高阻尼橡膠復合材料的制備與性能研究　出處：《武漢工程大學》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

  更多相關文章： 橡膠 無機填料 機械共混法 低頻阻尼 微觀結(jié)構(gòu)

【摘要】：低頻吸聲高阻尼材料已經(jīng)成為國內(nèi)外相關領域的熱點研究問題,基于橡膠獨特的粘彈特性,選擇以橡膠作為基體材料來研究其復合材料減振降噪的特性。阻尼機理是粘彈性材料在發(fā)生變形時將動能轉(zhuǎn)化為熱能的原理。作為優(yōu)良的阻尼材料,要求其能在寬廣的溫度和頻率范圍內(nèi)具有較大的損耗因子、有效阻尼溫域和有效阻尼頻域以滿足實際的應用。一般來說,填料填充橡膠能使其玻璃化溫度上升和有效阻尼溫域增大,甚至部分功能性填料還可以提高內(nèi)耗。稀土具有獨特的光電磁特性,將其與高分子材料復合能夠賦予材料優(yōu)異的性能,但在阻尼性能上的應用還鮮有報道,因此,為了拓展稀土的應用范圍,對稀土進行阻尼性能上的改性顯得格外重要。本文通過機械共混的方法對阻尼橡膠進行了制備和研究,選用不同種類的填料對SBR、EPDM和IIR進行改性來研究填料對橡膠力學性能、硫化特性、阻尼性能和熱穩(wěn)定性的影響,并觀察了復合體系的微觀形貌結(jié)構(gòu)。結(jié)果表明:在研究的填料用量范圍內(nèi),除了碳酸鹽類填料外,含硅類填料和稀土類填料能對進行補強,其中白炭黑的補強效果最佳,白炭黑改性IIR、EPDM和SBR最大值分別為18.2 MPa、24.2 MPa和8.93 MPa。橡膠復合體系的邵氏硬度均隨填料用量的增加而增大,與填料的種類無關,當填料用量為50 phr時,IIR、EPDM和SBR的最大邵氏硬度為38±4 SHA、68±11 SHA、62±8 SHA。含硅類填料能提高IIR、EPDM和SBR交聯(lián)密度,而碳酸鹽類和稀土類填料卻使其交聯(lián)密度降低,且三類填料均能提高橡膠的ML值。另外,含硅類填料可使三類橡膠的焦燒時間縮短以及正硫化時間延長;稀土類填料對EPDM和SBR焦燒時間的影響較小,正硫化時間延長,而其使IIR焦燒時間和正硫化時間均延長;碳酸鹽類填料使SBR焦燒時間和正硫化時間延長、EPDM焦燒時間延長和正硫化時間縮短以及IIR焦燒時間縮短和正硫化時間延長。無機填料有利于提高橡膠的熱穩(wěn)定性能,但對其失重速率的影響不大。在低溫條件下,稀土類填料能提高三類橡膠的儲能模量,玻璃化溫度移向高溫方向,損耗因子無較大變化。在低頻條件下,片層填料較多孔、無定形填料有較大的內(nèi)耗,阻尼性能較好(IIR、EPDM和SBR的tan?max約1.6、0.7和0.4)。另外,在相同條件下,IIR由于結(jié)構(gòu)上的特殊性,內(nèi)耗較EPDM、SBR大,適宜應用為高阻尼材料。在低頻條件下,Y2O3能夠提高橡膠材料的吸聲性能,隨著聲波頻率的增加,吸聲性能提高,在200 Hz條件下,IIR的吸聲性能最佳,吸聲系數(shù)可達約45%。含硅類填料與三類橡膠均產(chǎn)生了良好的界面效應,相容性較好;碳酸鹽類填料在三類橡膠中呈現(xiàn)出較為清晰的相分離結(jié)構(gòu);稀土類填料與IIR相容性較好,但與EPDM和SBR之間出現(xiàn)了兩相結(jié)構(gòu)。
[Abstract]:Low frequency sound absorption and high damping materials have become a hot research issue in related fields at home and abroad, based on the unique viscoelastic properties of rubber. Rubber is chosen as matrix material to study the characteristics of damping and noise reduction of composite materials. The damping mechanism is the principle that viscoelastic materials transform kinetic energy into heat energy when deformation occurs. It is required to have a large loss factor, effective damping temperature domain and effective damping frequency domain in a wide range of temperature and frequency to meet the practical application. Fillers filled with rubber can increase the glass transition temperature and the effective damping temperature range, and even some functional fillers can increase internal friction. Rare earth has unique photoelectric and magnetic properties. Composite with polymer materials can give excellent properties of the materials, but the application of damping properties is rarely reported. Therefore, in order to expand the scope of application of rare earths. It is very important to modify the damping properties of rare earths. In this paper, damping rubber was prepared and studied by mechanical blending, and different kinds of fillers were selected for SBR. EPDM and IIR were modified to study the effects of fillers on mechanical properties, vulcanization properties, damping properties and thermal stability of rubber. The microstructure of the composite system was observed. The results showed that, in addition to carbonate fillers, silicon and rare earth fillers could reinforce the composites. The reinforcing effect of silica is the best. The maximum values of SBR and EPDM modified by silica are 18.2 MPa, respectively. The Shore hardness of MPa and 8.93 MPa. rubber composite system increased with the increase of filler content, but not related to the type of filler. When the content of filler was 50 phr, Shao hardness increased. The maximum Shore hardness of EPDM and SBR is 38 鹵4 SHAA 68 鹵11 SHAA 62 鹵8 SHA. Si-containing fillers can increase the crosslinking density of SBR and EPDM. However, carbonate and rare earth fillers can decrease the crosslinking density and increase the ML value of rubber. In addition, silicon-containing fillers can shorten the scorch time and prolong the positive vulcanization time of the three kinds of rubber. The effect of rare earth fillers on the scorch time of EPDM and SBR was small, and the positive vulcanization time was prolonged, while the IIR scorch time and the positive vulcanization time were prolonged. Carbonate fillers prolong the scorch time and the positive vulcanization time of SBR. The EPDM scorch time and the normal vulcanization time were shortened, and the IIR scorch time and the positive vulcanization time were prolonged. The inorganic filler was beneficial to improve the thermal stability of the rubber. At low temperature, rare earth fillers can improve the storage modulus of three kinds of rubber, the glass transition temperature moves to the high temperature direction, and the loss factor does not change greatly at low frequency. The lamellar packing is porous, the amorphous filler has larger internal friction, and the damping property is better. In addition, under the same conditions, the internal friction of max is larger than that of max because of its special structure. It is suitable to be used as a high damping material. Y2O3 can improve the sound absorption property of rubber material at low frequency. With the increase of acoustic frequency, the sound absorption property is improved, and the sound absorption property is improved at 200 Hz. The sound absorption coefficient of IIR is about 455.The silica filler has good interfacial effect with three kinds of rubber, and the compatibility is good. Carbonate fillers show a clear phase separation structure in three types of rubber. Rare earth fillers have good compatibility with IIR, but have two phase structure with EPDM and SBR.
【學位授予單位】：武漢工程大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TQ330.1;TB34

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