發(fā)布時間：2019-06-25 08:18

【摘要】：鐵路是人類發(fā)明的首項公共交通工具，最早于十九世紀(jì)初期出現(xiàn)在英國，英格蘭的史托頓與達(dá)靈頓鐵路是世界上第一條商營鐵路。直到十九世紀(jì)末期發(fā)明汽車，鐵路始終都是陸上運(yùn)輸?shù)闹髁Α５诙问澜绱髴?zhàn)以后，汽車技術(shù)得到改進(jìn)，高速公路大量建成和推廣，再加上民用航空的普及，使得鐵路運(yùn)輸慢慢走向下坡，一度成為世人眼中的夕陽產(chǎn)業(yè)。1964年日本的新干線正式開通運(yùn)營，成為史上第一個實現(xiàn)“營運(yùn)速率”高于時速200公里的鐵路系統(tǒng)，是世界上首條高速鐵路。此后，經(jīng)過半個多世紀(jì)的發(fā)展，高速鐵路以其高效、節(jié)能、環(huán)保、快捷、舒適、安全和準(zhǔn)時等優(yōu)勢，在世界范圍內(nèi)掀起了建設(shè)和發(fā)展高速鐵路的熱潮。“與風(fēng)競速，貼地飛行”，安全就成為了比速度而言更為根本的追求，確保高速鐵路的系統(tǒng)安全性和可持續(xù)性是我國高速鐵路面臨的重大挑戰(zhàn)。 2011年“7.23甬溫線特別重大鐵路交通事故”暴露了我國高速鐵路運(yùn)營中的安全隱患，給我國快速發(fā)展的高速鐵路事業(yè)敲響了警鐘。我們有必要重新審視、反思我國高速鐵路的建設(shè)和發(fā)展體系，從事故中汲取寶貴的經(jīng)驗和教訓(xùn)。本文以“7.23”事故為切入點(diǎn)，對安全事故演化機(jī)理進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)學(xué)分析，提出保障高速鐵路安全運(yùn)營的有效途徑。文章框架設(shè)計為五個部分：第一部分屬引言部分，主要介紹文章選題的背景依據(jù)、研究的意義、我國高速鐵路運(yùn)營安全保障體系發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀、研究方法和創(chuàng)新之處；第一章題為“高速鐵路安全運(yùn)營要素分析”，重點(diǎn)論述高速鐵路運(yùn)營系統(tǒng)的復(fù)雜性，對影響高速鐵路安全運(yùn)營的人、機(jī)、環(huán)境、管理要素進(jìn)行分析；第二章對高速鐵路運(yùn)營系統(tǒng)的特征進(jìn)行分析，闡明了高速鐵路運(yùn)營系統(tǒng)符合耗散結(jié)構(gòu)形成條件，耗散結(jié)構(gòu)理論的信息熵能夠反映系統(tǒng)的有序程度，可以利用系統(tǒng)熵變趨勢來判定系統(tǒng)的演化趨勢，繼而利用熵理論研究安全事故演化機(jī)理；第三章站在戰(zhàn)略的高度，從觀念、技術(shù)、環(huán)境、管理四個方面提出保障高速鐵路安全運(yùn)營的有效途徑；最后的結(jié)語部分，對全文做了簡要的概括和總結(jié)，并對日趨成熟和完善的安全保障體系下的中國高速鐵路的建設(shè)和發(fā)展做了美好展望。 本文旨在通過對高速鐵路安全事故演化機(jī)理的系統(tǒng)學(xué)分析，論述高速鐵路安全運(yùn)營保障體系建設(shè)和完善的必要性和必然性，提出具有指導(dǎo)意義和應(yīng)用價值的發(fā)展思路、合理建議和具體的措施，為實現(xiàn)高速鐵路的持續(xù)安全運(yùn)營這一最終目標(biāo)做理論探索，，促進(jìn)我國高速鐵路的安全、健康、持續(xù)發(fā)展。
[Abstract]:Railway is the first public transport invented by human beings, which first appeared in England in the early 19th century. Stolton and Darlington Railway in England is the first commercial railway in the world. Until the invention of the car at the end of the 19 th century, the railway was always the main force of land transportation. After the second World War, automobile technology was improved, highways were built and popularized, and the popularity of civil aviation made railway transportation slowly downhill and once became a sunset industry in the eyes of the world. Japan's Shinkansen was officially opened in 1964, becoming the first railway system in history to realize an "operating rate" higher than 200 kilometers per hour, and it was the first high-speed railway in the world. Since then, after more than half a century of development, high-speed railway has set off an upsurge in the construction and development of high-speed railway in the world because of its advantages of high efficiency, energy saving, environmental protection, speed, comfort, safety and punctuality. "to compete with the wind and fly to the ground", safety has become a more fundamental pursuit than speed. Ensuring the safety and sustainability of high-speed railway system is a major challenge facing high-speed railway in our country. In 2011, the "7.23 Yongwen Railway Traffic accident" exposed the hidden danger of safety in the operation of high-speed railway in China, and sounded the alarm to the rapid development of high-speed railway in China. It is necessary for us to re-examine, reflect on the construction and development system of high-speed railway in China, and draw valuable experiences and lessons from the accident. Based on the "7.23" accident, this paper makes a systematic analysis of the evolution mechanism of safety accident, and puts forward an effective way to ensure the safe operation of high-speed railway. The framework of the article is designed into five parts: the first part is the introduction, which mainly introduces the background basis of the topic, the significance of the research, the development status of the high-speed railway operation safety and security system in China, the research methods and innovations; The first chapter is entitled "Analysis of safety operation elements of high-speed railway", which focuses on the complexity of high-speed railway operation system, and analyzes the human, machine, environment and management elements that affect the safe operation of high-speed railway. In the second chapter, the characteristics of high-speed railway operation system are analyzed, and it is clarified that the high-speed railway operation system accords with the formation conditions of dissipative structure. The information entropy of dissipative structure theory can reflect the order degree of the system, and the evolution trend of the system can be determined by using the entropy change trend, and then the evolution mechanism of safety accidents can be studied by entropy theory. From the strategic point of view, the third chapter puts forward the effective ways to ensure the safe operation of high-speed railway from four aspects: concept, technology, environment and management. Finally, the conclusion part makes a brief summary and summary of the full text, and makes a good prospect for the construction and development of China's high-speed railway under the increasingly mature and perfect safety guarantee system. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the necessity and necessity of the construction and perfection of high-speed railway safety operation guarantee system through the systematic analysis of the evolution mechanism of high-speed railway safety accident, and to put forward the development ideas with guiding significance and application value, reasonable suggestions and concrete measures, so as to make theoretical exploration for realizing the ultimate goal of sustainable and safe operation of high-speed railway and promote the safety, health and sustainable development of high-speed railway in China.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：太原科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：U298

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