【摘要】：對(duì)于特厚煤層綜放開(kāi)采條件下上覆巖層的破壞特點(diǎn)國(guó)內(nèi)外研究較少，而上覆巖層的運(yùn)動(dòng)、破斷直接涉及到導(dǎo)水裂隙帶發(fā)育高度，能使位于開(kāi)采范圍內(nèi)的地表水、地下水潰入井下，威脅著井下作業(yè)的安全。因此，研究特厚煤層上覆巖層的移動(dòng)和破壞規(guī)律具有重要的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益和社會(huì)意義。 本文針對(duì)彬長(zhǎng)礦區(qū)胡家河煤礦工程地質(zhì)條件，利用物理相似模擬試驗(yàn)方法對(duì)不同采高條件下（10m、8m、6m），綜放開(kāi)采過(guò)程進(jìn)行了研究，分析了上覆巖層采動(dòng)過(guò)程中巖體運(yùn)移規(guī)律和裂隙擴(kuò)展規(guī)律，導(dǎo)水裂隙帶發(fā)展高度約為采高的14～18倍，從而確定合理的開(kāi)采高度為4.8～7.9m之間。 采用有限差分?jǐn)?shù)值模擬方法對(duì)富水覆巖特厚煤層綜放開(kāi)采覆巖破壞規(guī)律進(jìn)行了模擬研究，分析了采動(dòng)過(guò)程覆巖的破壞場(chǎng)、應(yīng)力場(chǎng)，以及在不同采寬條件下導(dǎo)水裂隙帶高度變化，給出首采區(qū)工作面合理工作面斜長(zhǎng)為160～180m。 以實(shí)驗(yàn)和現(xiàn)場(chǎng)調(diào)查為依托，結(jié)合頂板“三帶”理論，建立垮落帶和裂隙帶數(shù)學(xué)模型，計(jì)算分析影響兩帶高度的相關(guān)物理量之間的關(guān)系，分析其最終形態(tài)數(shù)學(xué)原理。在此基礎(chǔ)上，結(jié)合實(shí)際分析了影響導(dǎo)水裂隙帶高度的主要因素有工作面開(kāi)采長(zhǎng)度、采厚、工作面斜長(zhǎng)、巖層巖性。同時(shí)分析了富水覆巖的三種基本結(jié)構(gòu)，給出綜放開(kāi)采條件下覆巖運(yùn)動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)拱-梁結(jié)構(gòu)，運(yùn)動(dòng)實(shí)質(zhì)上是拱結(jié)構(gòu)向梁結(jié)構(gòu)的運(yùn)動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)換過(guò)程。 根據(jù)實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)M結(jié)果，結(jié)合胡家河礦首采工作面地質(zhì)條件，采用多元線性回歸分析了影響導(dǎo)水裂隙帶高度的各因素之間量的關(guān)系，給出相應(yīng)的計(jì)算公式，并與生產(chǎn)單位實(shí)際情況相比較，準(zhǔn)確性較高，，可靠性較好，具有一定的參考意義。
[Abstract]:The failure characteristics of overlying strata under the condition of fully mechanized caving mining in extra thick coal seam are less studied at home and abroad, and the movement of overlying strata is directly related to the development height of water diversion fracture zone, which can make the surface water located in the mining area. The underground water collapses into the underground, threatening the safety of the underground operation. Therefore, it is of great economic benefit and social significance to study the law of movement and failure of overlying strata in extra-thick coal seam. According to the engineering geological conditions of Hujiahe Coal Mine in Binchang Mining area, the process of fully mechanized caving mining under different mining heights (10m, 8m, 6m) was studied by means of physical similarity simulation test method. The law of rock mass migration and fracture propagation during mining in overlying strata is analyzed. The development height of water diversion fracture zone is about 14 times higher than that of mining height, so that the reasonable mining height is between 4.8 m and 7.9 m. In this paper, finite difference numerical simulation method is used to simulate the failure law of overlying rock in fully mechanized top-coal caving mining with water-rich overlying rock and extra-thick coal seam. The failure field, stress field and height change of water-conducting fracture zone in different mining width are analyzed. The reasonable slope length of the working face in the first mining area is 160 m 180 m. On the basis of experiment and field investigation, combined with the theory of "three zones" of roof, the mathematical models of collapse zone and fracture zone are established. The relationship between the physical quantities affecting the height of the two zones is calculated and analyzed, and the mathematical principle of final shape is analyzed. On this basis, combined with the actual analysis of the water diversion fracture zone height of the main factors are working face mining length, mining thickness, face slope length, rock lithology. At the same time, three basic structures of water-rich overlying rock are analyzed, and the arch-beam structure of overlying rock motion structure under the condition of fully mechanized top-coal caving mining is given. In essence, the movement is the movement transformation process from arch structure to beam structure. According to the experimental simulation results, combined with the geological conditions of the first mining face of Hujiahe Mine, the relationship between the factors affecting the height of the water diversion fracture zone is analyzed by multiple linear regression, and the corresponding calculation formula is given. And compared with the actual situation of the production unit, the accuracy is higher, the reliability is better, and has certain reference significance.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西安科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TD823.254;TD742

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