【摘要】：隨著煤礦開采深度的增加,瓦斯涌出量增大,瓦斯災(zāi)害日趨嚴重；同時地應(yīng)力增加,煤巖破碎量增大,地溫升高,煤自燃災(zāi)害也越發(fā)凸顯。兩種災(zāi)害共生的復合型災(zāi)害已成為煤礦重特大事故的普遍模式。因此,研究采空區(qū)瓦斯與煤自燃復合災(zāi)害的防治機理及技術(shù)具有十分重要的意義。 瓦斯與煤自燃復合災(zāi)害特點的普遍共識是相互影響、相互制約,但現(xiàn)場實施時,要二者兼顧,易顧此失彼。因此,須依據(jù)瓦斯與煤自燃兩種災(zāi)害的特點以及各種災(zāi)害的防治方法,研究耦合影響的關(guān)鍵因素,確定防治機理與方法。由于瓦斯和煤自燃災(zāi)害防治方法的多樣性,相關(guān)研究僅針對某個實例進行分析研究,沒有建立適合瓦斯與煤自燃復合災(zāi)害的預測、預報以及治理的綜合防治技術(shù)。 本文從兩種災(zāi)害的特性和防治方法著手,認為采空區(qū)瓦斯與煤自燃復合災(zāi)害的防治焦點在于控制采空區(qū)煤自燃,杜絕瓦斯爆炸的引火源,但防治重點是瓦斯。以自燃帶分布為耦合影響關(guān)鍵因素,在防治瓦斯的基礎(chǔ)上研究與防治煤自燃的相互作用和相互影響。瓦斯方面,依據(jù)開采條件和瓦斯涌出量預測,合理確定風量、通風形式和推進速度,優(yōu)選抽采方法,高效治理瓦斯；煤自燃方面,通過實驗確定煤自燃特性,在防治瓦斯的基礎(chǔ)上從控氧和控時間兩個方面制定防火方法。并由此確立了以預測、預報為主的復合災(zāi)害防治方法。 復合災(zāi)害預測方面,依據(jù)現(xiàn)場實測建立CFD模型,進行數(shù)值模擬預測研究,從通風、抽采和防火三個方面分別模擬分析了不同風量和通風形式,各種大流量抽采方法,如尾抽、高抽巷、地面鉆井、高位鉆孔和埋管抽采,以及惰化防火對采空區(qū)自燃“三帶”分布的影響,從而確定防治自燃發(fā)火的最低推進速度,并依此優(yōu)化通風與瓦斯抽采方法,完善防火措施。 復合災(zāi)害預報方面,通過實驗獲取指標氣體和臨界溫度作為分析判定煤體自燃程度的依據(jù),由束管監(jiān)測的氧濃度分布對數(shù)值模擬模型參數(shù)進行修正。 基于復合災(zāi)害防治方法,試驗研究了高瓦斯易自燃煤層惰化防火、高瓦斯強抽采工作面防火和高瓦斯易自燃工作面超大火區(qū)均壓滅火,驗證了復合災(zāi)害防治效果,建立了適合瓦斯與煤自燃復合災(zāi)害的預測、預報和治理的綜合防治技術(shù)。
[Abstract]:With the increase of coal mining depth, the amount of gas emission increases and the gas disaster becomes more and more serious. At the same time, with the increase of in-situ stress, the amount of coal-rock fragmentation increases, the ground temperature increases, and the coal spontaneous combustion disaster becomes more and more prominent. The compound disasters of two kinds of disasters symbiosis have become the common mode of serious and serious accidents in coal mines. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the prevention and control mechanism and technology of gas and coal spontaneous combustion in goaf. The common consensus of compound disasters of gas and coal spontaneous combustion is mutual influence and mutual restriction, but it is easy to lose one or the other when they are put into practice on the spot. Therefore, according to the characteristics of gas and coal spontaneous combustion disasters and the prevention and cure methods of various disasters, the key factors of coupling influence should be studied, and the prevention mechanism and method should be determined. Because of the diversity of prevention and cure methods of gas and coal spontaneous combustion, the related research only carries on the analysis research to a certain example, and has not set up the comprehensive prevention and control technology suitable for the gas and coal spontaneous combustion compound disaster prediction, forecast and control. Starting from the characteristics and prevention methods of two kinds of disasters, this paper points out that the focus of prevention and control of combined disasters of gas and coal spontaneous combustion in goaf is to control coal spontaneous combustion in goaf and put an end to the ignition source of gas explosion, but the key point of prevention and control is gas. Taking the distribution of spontaneous combustion zone as the key factor of coupling influence, the interaction and mutual influence of coal spontaneous combustion are studied on the basis of preventing and controlling gas. In the aspect of gas, according to mining conditions and prediction of gas emission, reasonable determination of air volume, ventilation form and propulsion speed, optimization of extraction methods and efficient control of gas; In the aspect of coal spontaneous combustion, the characteristics of coal spontaneous combustion are determined by experiments. On the basis of preventing and controlling gas, the fire prevention methods are worked out from two aspects: oxygen control and time control. Based on this, a composite disaster prevention and control method based on prediction and prediction is established. In the aspect of compound disaster prediction, the CFD model is established according to the field measurement, and the numerical simulation prediction research is carried out. The different air volume and ventilation forms, various large flow pumping methods, such as tail pumping, are simulated and analyzed from three aspects: ventilation, pumping and fire prevention. The influence of high pumping roadway, surface drilling, high position drilling and buried pipe pumping, as well as inerting fire prevention on the distribution of "three zones" of spontaneous combustion in goaf, thus determining the minimum propulsion speed of preventing spontaneous combustion, and optimizing the ventilation and gas extraction methods accordingly. Improve fire prevention measures. In the aspect of compound disaster prediction, the index gas and critical temperature are obtained by experiment as the basis for analyzing and judging the degree of spontaneous combustion of coal, and the parameters of the numerical simulation model are modified by the oxygen concentration distribution monitored by beam tube. Based on the method of compound disaster prevention, the fire prevention of inerting coal seam with high gas and easy spontaneous combustion, the fire prevention of high gas strong drainage face and the uniform pressure fire extinguishing in super large fire area of high gas easy spontaneous combustion face have been studied experimentally, and the effect of compound disaster prevention has been verified. The comprehensive prevention and control techniques suitable for the prediction, prediction and control of gas and coal spontaneous combustion are established.
【學位授予單位】：中國科學技術(shù)大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TD752.2

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本文編號：2438681