【摘要】：宋代動(dòng)物災(zāi)害頻發(fā),給宋人的生產(chǎn)生活帶來(lái)極大的影響。動(dòng)物災(zāi)害屬于生物災(zāi)害或自然災(zāi)害的一種,即使是在當(dāng)今也時(shí)有發(fā)生。本文以宋人對(duì)動(dòng)物災(zāi)害的認(rèn)知為中心,分析探討其致災(zāi)觀、防災(zāi)救災(zāi)的意識(shí)和舉措,并在此基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行總體評(píng)價(jià)。首先,概述宋代動(dòng)物災(zāi)害的具體情況、時(shí)空分布等,從農(nóng)業(yè)、畜牧業(yè)、人身安全、交通出行等多方面探究動(dòng)物災(zāi)害對(duì)當(dāng)時(shí)社會(huì)所造成的影響;其次,從宋人的主觀認(rèn)識(shí)和客觀環(huán)境兩方面分析宋代動(dòng)物災(zāi)害的成因,再分別從政府和民間的角度探討宋人對(duì)動(dòng)物災(zāi)害的防災(zāi)救災(zāi)措施;最后,從積極性和局限性兩方面對(duì)宋人應(yīng)對(duì)動(dòng)物災(zāi)害的措施進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià),以期有助于對(duì)宋代社會(huì)的認(rèn)識(shí)和了解。隨著社會(huì)的進(jìn)步,科學(xué)文化的發(fā)展,宋人對(duì)動(dòng)物災(zāi)害的認(rèn)識(shí)有所深化。面對(duì)動(dòng)物災(zāi)害,宋政府多次頒布相關(guān)的法令,派遣官員救災(zāi),采取了經(jīng)濟(jì)手段等多種救助方式;地方官員也大多能夠積極應(yīng)對(duì)動(dòng)物災(zāi)害,這些防災(zāi)救災(zāi)措施起到了不容忽視的作用。囿于時(shí)代的限制,宋人面對(duì)動(dòng)物災(zāi)害不可避免地采取諸如祈禳一類的方式,在救災(zāi)過(guò)程中難以收到實(shí)效,但在當(dāng)時(shí)的社會(huì)條件下,也在一定程度上發(fā)揮了疏導(dǎo)和安定民心的作用。
[Abstract]:The frequent occurrence of animal disasters in Song Dynasty brought great influence to the production and life of Song people. Animal disaster is a kind of biological disaster or natural disaster. Based on the cognition of animal disasters in Song Dynasty, this paper analyzes and discusses the concept of disaster, the consciousness and measures of disaster prevention and relief, and makes a general evaluation on this basis. First of all, summarize the specific situation of animal disasters in Song Dynasty, space-time distribution, from agriculture, animal husbandry, personal safety, transportation and other aspects to explore the impact of animal disasters on the society at that time. This paper analyzes the causes of animal disasters in Song Dynasty from the aspects of subjective understanding and objective environment of Song people, and then discusses the prevention and relief measures of animal disasters in Song Dynasty from the angle of government and folk respectively. This paper evaluates the measures taken by the Song people to deal with animal disasters from two aspects of enthusiasm and limitation in order to help the understanding and understanding of the society of the Song Dynasty. With the progress of society and the development of science and culture, the understanding of animal disaster was deepened. In the face of animal disasters, the Song government has repeatedly issued relevant decrees, dispatched officials for disaster relief, and adopted various relief methods such as economic means. Most local officials are also able to actively deal with animal disasters. These disaster prevention and relief measures have played an important role. Due to the limitation of the times, the people of Song Dynasty inevitably adopted such methods as praying in response to animal disasters, which were difficult to achieve in the course of disaster relief, but under the social conditions at that time, To a certain extent, it also played a role in persuading and stabilizing the people.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：四川師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：X43;K244

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