【摘要】：中庭建筑自20世紀(jì)80年代被建筑師越來(lái)越多地采用，其貫穿性給人們帶來(lái)美好視覺(jué)享受的同時(shí)，也使火災(zāi)煙氣蔓延不受限制，給人民生命財(cái)產(chǎn)安全帶來(lái)巨大威脅。鑒于前人對(duì)中庭煙氣控制的研究較少考慮環(huán)境的影響，本文將對(duì)其影響進(jìn)行分析和研究。 本文介紹了中庭火災(zāi)危險(xiǎn)性和煙氣控制方法，根據(jù)文獻(xiàn)資料分析歸納了性能化安全疏散指標(biāo)，并以大空間實(shí)驗(yàn)廳為原型，建立建筑模型對(duì)中庭煙氣行為進(jìn)行模擬分析和研究。首先，，分析了室內(nèi)溫度對(duì)早期火災(zāi)煙氣上升高度及火災(zāi)過(guò)程中建筑內(nèi)溫度改變的影響，理論計(jì)算表明，30m以下、溫度梯度不超過(guò)1℃/m的中庭，發(fā)生2MW以上功率的火災(zāi)，煙羽流通�？梢缘竭_(dá)頂棚。模擬計(jì)算表明，室內(nèi)溫度越高、溫度梯度越大，對(duì)火災(zāi)早期煙氣上升的阻礙作用越大。其次，分析了外界風(fēng)對(duì)自然排煙的影響，結(jié)果表明，垂直風(fēng)使較高處煙氣溫度下降，使較低處煙氣溫度上升，平行風(fēng)使中庭內(nèi)煙氣溫度整體下降。垂直風(fēng)速超過(guò)3m/s，煙氣層下降速度加快。羽流傾斜角度隨垂直風(fēng)速增大而增大，風(fēng)速為5m/s，羽流嚴(yán)重傾斜，幾乎貼近地面。超過(guò)一定速度的外界風(fēng)會(huì)降低排煙效率，并使較低位置CO和CO_2濃度減小，卻基本不會(huì)改變環(huán)境中O_2含量，而使能見(jiàn)度條件有明顯改善。最后通過(guò)工程案例的模擬分析發(fā)現(xiàn)，在保證排煙量的前提下，考慮環(huán)境條件的影響，采取自然排煙方式亦可以滿(mǎn)足人員疏散要求，實(shí)現(xiàn)良好的排煙效果。
[Abstract]:Atrium architecture has been used more and more by architects since 1980s. The penetration of atrium architecture not only brings beautiful visual enjoyment to people, but also makes fire smoke spread unrestrained and brings great threat to the safety of people's life and property. In view of the previous research on atrium smoke control less consideration of the impact of the environment, this paper will analyze and study its impact. In this paper, the fire hazard and smoke control methods in atrium are introduced, and the performance-based safety evacuation index is summarized according to the literature data, and the building model is established to simulate and study the smoke behavior in atrium, taking the large space laboratory as the prototype. Firstly, the influence of indoor temperature on the rising height of flue gas and the change of building temperature during early fire is analyzed. The theoretical calculation shows that fire occurs in atrium with temperature gradient below 30 m and temperature gradient less than 1 鈩

本文編號(hào)：2161159