發(fā)布時間：2018-07-28 06:57

【摘要】：隨著我國科學(xué)技術(shù)與國民經(jīng)濟(jì)的高速發(fā)展，飛機(jī)作為必要的交通工具進(jìn)入了人們的生活，已經(jīng)成為人們生活的一部分。飛機(jī)給人們帶來方便、快捷和舒適的生活，也帶來了一定的風(fēng)險，飛行安全時刻敲醒警鐘。其中，飛機(jī)結(jié)冰造成的飛行風(fēng)險占據(jù)顯著地位，已經(jīng)成為危害飛行安全的頭號因素。 飛機(jī)在穿過云層飛行的過程中，當(dāng)遇到結(jié)冰氣象條件時，會在機(jī)體表面就會形成積冰。這些結(jié)冰云層里面存在著未凍結(jié)的液態(tài)小水滴，他們分布在云層里面，當(dāng)飛機(jī)高速穿過結(jié)冰云層時，這些小水滴與飛機(jī)發(fā)生碰撞，打破了他們原來保持的穩(wěn)定，部分液態(tài)小水滴就會瞬間變成細(xì)小的冰顆粒，附著在翼型表面上，使得飛機(jī)出現(xiàn)結(jié)冰現(xiàn)象。飛機(jī)結(jié)冰是伴隨著蒸發(fā)、對流、摩擦、熱傳導(dǎo)、氣動加熱等一系列的質(zhì)量和能量變化的復(fù)雜過程。 本文介紹了與飛機(jī)結(jié)冰相關(guān)的一些基本概念，簡要概括了結(jié)冰對飛機(jī)飛行性能和操縱性能等方面的影響。概括了飛機(jī)結(jié)冰現(xiàn)象的一些研究方法。應(yīng)用Fluent軟件求解二元翼型周圍的繞流情況，應(yīng)用求解偏微分方程的方法對二維翼型進(jìn)行網(wǎng)格劃分，利用翼型算例對流場的算法進(jìn)行了驗(yàn)證。研究了水滴在流場中的運(yùn)動情況，闡述了水滴沖擊翼型的相關(guān)概念，特別分析了水滴撞擊特性的影響因素，應(yīng)用Lagrange法建立了水滴的運(yùn)動方程，根據(jù)數(shù)值求解的方法（Runge-Kutta），得到了翼型上下表面水滴的撞擊極限，進(jìn)而得到水滴的運(yùn)動軌跡。建立了二維翼型的Messinger結(jié)冰數(shù)學(xué)模型，根據(jù)假設(shè)建立并求解了翼型表面的質(zhì)量平衡方程和能量守恒方程，考慮了結(jié)冰表面粗糙度對翼型結(jié)冰的影響，給出了翼型表面積冰形狀的確定方法。 最后對NACA0012翼型的三個結(jié)冰算例進(jìn)行了數(shù)值模擬計(jì)算，將模擬的結(jié)果與實(shí)驗(yàn)給出的結(jié)果展開比較分析，結(jié)果基本符合實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果中積冰生長趨勢，證明了本文算法是有效的和可行的，同時，從對升力與阻力方面的影響出發(fā)，簡要說明了翼型表面結(jié)冰后氣動特性的改變。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of science and technology and national economy in China, aircraft, as a necessary means of transportation, has become a part of people's life. Aircraft brings people a convenient, fast and comfortable life, but also brings certain risks. Among them, the flight risk caused by aircraft icing occupies a prominent position and has become the number one factor that endangers flight safety. As the plane travels through the clouds, ice accumulates on the body's surface when it encounters icy weather conditions. There are small, unfrozen droplets of liquid water in these frozen clouds, and they are distributed in the clouds, and as the plane passes through the frozen clouds at high speed, the droplets collide with the plane, disrupting the stability they once maintained. Some small liquid droplets will instantly become small ice particles, attached to the surface of the airfoil, causing the aircraft ice phenomenon. Aircraft icing is a complex process of mass and energy changes, such as evaporation, convection, friction, heat conduction, aerodynamic heating, etc. In this paper, some basic concepts related to aircraft icing are introduced, and the effects of icing on aircraft flight performance and maneuverability are briefly summarized. Some research methods of aircraft ice phenomenon are summarized. The flow around a binary airfoil is solved by using Fluent software. The method of solving partial differential equation is used to mesh the two-dimensional airfoil, and the algorithm of flow field is verified by an example of airfoil. In this paper, the motion of water droplets in the flow field is studied, the related concepts of water droplet impingement airfoils are expounded, and the influence factors of water droplet impact characteristics are analyzed, and the equation of motion of water droplets is established by using Lagrange method. According to the numerical solution method (Runge-Kutta), the impact limit of the water droplets on the upper and lower surfaces of the airfoil is obtained, and then the trajectory of the water droplets is obtained. The Messinger icing mathematical model of two dimensional airfoil is established. The mass balance equation and energy conservation equation of airfoil surface are established and solved according to the hypothesis. The influence of icing surface roughness on airfoil icing is considered. The method of determining the ice shape of airfoil surface area is given. Finally, three ice forming examples of NACA0012 airfoil are numerically simulated and compared with the experimental results. The results basically accord with the trend of ice accumulation in the experimental results. It is proved that the proposed algorithm is effective and feasible. At the same time, the change of aerodynamic characteristics after icing on airfoil surface is briefly explained from the effect on lift and resistance.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱工程大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：V328

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本文編號：2149273