本文選題：衛(wèi)星數(shù)據(jù) + 航船事故��； 參考：《山東師范大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：國際貿(mào)易運輸量的90%是通過海上運輸方式實現(xiàn)的。隨著海上航運業(yè)的迅速發(fā)展,船只在數(shù)量、大小及載重噸位方面也呈現(xiàn)不斷增長的趨勢。與此同時,船運安全問題也越來越引起人們的關(guān)注。船運貨物中通常包含危險化學(xué)品、石油等,一旦發(fā)生航船事故,不但會造成人員傷亡和財產(chǎn)損失,而且嚴重威脅海洋環(huán)境。由惡劣天氣或復(fù)雜海況引發(fā)的航船事故占事故總體的40%,成為航船事故的重要致災(zāi)因素,因此,失事海況特征的研究成為航運安全的研究重點。海況參數(shù)數(shù)據(jù)的獲取方式有:浮標測量、衛(wèi)星遙感和海浪數(shù)值模式預(yù)報等。利用衛(wèi)星探測海洋動力參數(shù)主要依靠微波雷達技術(shù),包括散射計、輻射計、高度計。其中散射計和輻射計用來監(jiān)測全球海表面風(fēng)場信息,高度計可獲取有效波高等參數(shù)數(shù)據(jù)。本研究以2001—2010年共10年的全球航船事故統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)(數(shù)據(jù)來自國際海事組織的船舶事故統(tǒng)計報告)為基礎(chǔ),建立航船事故數(shù)據(jù)庫,對航船事故的空間分布、季節(jié)分布、初始事件分類、失事航船類型等方面做了統(tǒng)計分析。由事故分布特征及航船信息,篩選不同類型的事故案例,根據(jù)事故發(fā)生的時間和地點,獲取相應(yīng)的衛(wèi)星數(shù)據(jù)(包括散射計、輻射計和高度計數(shù)據(jù))和海浪數(shù)值模式數(shù)據(jù),據(jù)此,分析事故發(fā)生時的海況參數(shù)特點(包括有效波高、風(fēng)速、平均波周期、波陡四項參數(shù)),總結(jié)船舶失事時的海況規(guī)律。研究結(jié)論如下:第一,北大西洋、北印度洋和西北太平洋成為三大航船事故高發(fā)區(qū),其失事海況特征表現(xiàn)在:有效波高集中分布在2~4 m,風(fēng)速集中分布在10~14 m/s,波周期集中分布在6~8 s;波陡值在北大西洋最高,達到0.04~0.05,在北印度洋最低,為0.02~0.03。第二,航船在涌浪-風(fēng)浪相互作用下,當涌浪和風(fēng)浪之間具有相近的波周期(一般不超過3 s),且在波浪傳播方向上具有一定夾角(多分布于0°~60°)時,易引發(fā)危險海況,導(dǎo)致航船事故的發(fā)生。第三,航船載重噸位(以散貨船為例)與失事海況參數(shù)的相關(guān)性:與有效波高和平均波周期為低度相關(guān);與風(fēng)速和波陡之間則具有中度相關(guān)性。綜上所述,本文主要研究了惡劣天氣下發(fā)生的航船事故的失事海況規(guī)律,并在完善海上預(yù)警標準和船舶航行安全方面提出了建議;同時,典型案例的分析在畸形波的研究方面也有一定的參考價值。
[Abstract]:Ninety percent of international trade is carried out by sea. With the rapid development of maritime shipping industry, the number, size and load tonnage of ships are also increasing. At the same time, the problem of shipping safety has attracted more and more attention. Shipping cargo usually contains dangerous chemicals, oil and so on. Once a ship accident occurs, it will not only cause casualties and property losses, but also seriously threaten the marine environment. Ship accidents caused by bad weather or complicated sea conditions account for 40% of the total accidents, and become an important disaster factor of ship accidents. Therefore, the study of the characteristics of shipwreck conditions has become the focus of research on shipping safety. Data acquisition methods include buoy measurement, satellite remote sensing and wave numerical model prediction. The detection of ocean dynamic parameters by satellite mainly depends on microwave radar technology, including scatterometer, radiometer and altimeter. The scatterometer and radiometer are used to monitor the wind field information of the global sea surface. The altimeter can obtain the effective wave height data. Based on the statistical data of global ship accidents from 2001 to 2010 (data from the statistical report of ship accidents of the International Maritime Organization), the database of ship accidents is established, and the spatial distribution and seasonal distribution of ship accidents are analyzed. The classification of initial events and the types of shipwrecks are analyzed statistically. According to the accident distribution characteristics and ship information, the different types of accident cases are screened, and the corresponding satellite data (including scatterometer, radiometer and altimeter data) and wave numerical model data are obtained according to the time and place of the accident. The characteristics of sea condition parameters (including effective wave height, wind speed, mean wave period and wave steepness) at the time of the accident are analyzed. The conclusions of the study are as follows: first, the North Atlantic, the North Indian Ocean and the Northwest Pacific Ocean have become the three major ship accidents. The characteristics of the shipwreck are as follows: the concentration of the effective wave height is 2 ~ 4 m, the wind velocity is 10 ~ 14 m / s, the wave period is 6 ~ 8 s, the wave steepness is the highest in the North Atlantic Ocean (0.04 ~ 0.05) and the lowest in the northern Indian Ocean (0.02 ~ 0.03). Secondly, under the interaction of surge wave and wind wave, when the ship has a similar wave period (generally not more than 3 s-1) and a certain angle in the direction of wave propagation (mostly distributed in 0 擄or 60 擄), it is easy to cause dangerous sea conditions. The occurrence of a ship accident. Third, the correlation between the carrier tonnage (taking bulk carrier as an example) and the shipwreck parameters: the correlation between the effective wave height and the mean wave period is low, and the correlation is moderate with the wind speed and the wave steepness. To sum up, this paper mainly studies the shipwreck law of ship accidents in severe weather, and puts forward some suggestions on how to improve the maritime early warning standard and ship navigation safety, at the same time, The analysis of typical cases also has some reference value in the study of deformities.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：U698.6

【參考文獻】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前9條

1 崔開付;孫即霖;薛鋒;;北印度洋海平面風(fēng)場的時空特征分析[J];海洋湖沼通報;2013年04期

2 武海浪;鄭崇偉;劉志宏;田妍妍;;北大西洋海浪場季節(jié)特征及波高變化趨勢研究[J];中國科技信息;2011年09期

3 李曉婷;鄭沛楠;王建豐;滕軍;;常用海洋數(shù)據(jù)資料簡介[J];海洋預(yù)報;2010年05期

4 梅勇;宋帥;周林;;北印度洋-南海海域海浪場、風(fēng)場的年際變化特征分析[J];海洋預(yù)報;2010年05期

5 周科;朱志夏;楊洋;;西北太平洋海浪數(shù)值模擬[J];浙江大學(xué)學(xué)報(理學(xué)版);2009年05期

6 許富祥;海浪預(yù)報知識講座 第四講 海浪監(jiān)測與預(yù)報系統(tǒng)[J];海洋預(yù)報;2001年04期

7 劉金芳,梁玉清,江偉,張國友,張緒東;北大西洋風(fēng)場和海浪場特點分析[J];海洋通報;2000年05期

8 林琿,陳戈;利用TOPEX衛(wèi)星高度計觀測全球海面風(fēng)速和有效波高的季節(jié)變化[J];科學(xué)通報;2000年04期

9 劉金芳,俞慕耕,張學(xué)宏,趙海青;北印度洋風(fēng)浪場特點及最佳航線分析[J];熱帶海洋;1998年01期

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前5條

1 曲峰德;木材船大風(fēng)浪航行的安全評估[D];大連海事大學(xué);2012年

2 楊柏丞;渤海灣客滾船大風(fēng)浪中航行的安全評估[D];大連海事大學(xué);2010年

3 王超;油輪大風(fēng)浪航行安全評估[D];大連海事大學(xué);2009年

4 趙京軍;大風(fēng)浪中載貨干散貨船安全評價研究[D];大連海事大學(xué);2008年

5 于振濤;JASON-1和TOPEX/POSEIDON衛(wèi)星高度計數(shù)據(jù)在中國海和西北太平洋的校正、印證及數(shù)據(jù)融合[D];中國海洋大學(xué);2006年

，

本文編號：2040128