本文選題：交通事故 + 安全��； 參考：《揚州大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：近年來,車輛保有量隨著政策及生活等因素的影響而逐漸上升,而汽車帶來便利的同時也產(chǎn)生了許多不利影響,諸如交通事故增加,人員傷亡增多,尾氣排放問題等(其中的二氧化碳排放更是造成了溫室效應)。因此,本文將重點研究道路的交通安全問題以及部分關鍵技術的實現(xiàn)。本文的主要工作有以下幾個方面:(1)研究分析交通流的數(shù)學模型。首先通過馬爾可夫鏈(Markov Chain)模型表達車輛在道路上的轉(zhuǎn)移狀態(tài),詳細介紹隨機進程代數(shù)馬爾科夫的基本理論以及推導引理的證明與應用。其次,通過結(jié)合現(xiàn)有理論研究,導出車輛到達遵循的分布規(guī)律,即在車流密度較小時遵循泊松分布規(guī)律,在車流密度較大時則遵循二項分布規(guī)律。此外,文章詳細介紹了當前流行的數(shù)據(jù)采集與發(fā)送技術。就其中的射頻識別(Radio Frequency Identification,RFID)技術進行了全面介紹,包括射頻識別技術的流程、原理以及關鍵技術,后續(xù)章節(jié)將利用射頻識別技術進行相關數(shù)據(jù)的收集與發(fā)送。(2)將車輛與行人不遵守交通規(guī)則的行為劃分為兩個部分:車與車之間以及車與人之間的違法行為。對待行人不遵守交通規(guī)則時,通過數(shù)字圖像處理技術或者射頻識別技術獲取行人的異常行為并加以分析,再通過路邊單元(Road Side Unit,RSU)以及車輛本身進行多跳傳輸相關緊急信息,及時告知后續(xù)車輛,避免交通事故的發(fā)生。對待車輛不遵守交通規(guī)則時,通過相關算法計算出車輛是否有闖紅燈嫌疑,一旦確定有闖紅燈嫌疑,通過擴音器將相關緊急信息發(fā)送給行人,行人根據(jù)相關算法采取必要措施,從而避免交通事故的發(fā)生。(3)重點對多跳通信(Multi-hop Communication)技術進行了分析研究。通過將時間車頭時距(Time Headway)和空間車頭時距(Distance Headway)聯(lián)合在一起,運用模糊邏輯系統(tǒng)(Fuzzy Logic System),計算出多跳(Multi-hop)通信中下一跳(Next-hop)信息接收者。本文通過對比時間車頭時距以及空間車頭時距兩種算法,通過仿真結(jié)果驗證了本文提出的基于模糊邏輯系統(tǒng)算法的優(yōu)越性。此外,文章還模擬計算了交通事故碰撞時產(chǎn)生的傷害,通過計算碰撞產(chǎn)生的沖量,確定駕駛員與乘客以及行人的受傷程度。(4)最后,將上述算法應用在實際當中,通過TraCI4Matlab軟件仿真南京市的一個實際繁華路段場景。通過該場景的仿真計算,其結(jié)果可以看出本文算法的優(yōu)勢。此外,文章還通過改進汽車尾氣CO_2的排放公式算法,提出可使汽車尾氣CO_2的排放大大降低的策略。該算法以及策略不僅可確保道路交通安全,還實現(xiàn)了減排計劃,完成了綠色出行的目標。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the number of vehicles has gradually increased with the influence of policy and living factors, while the convenience of the automobile has also produced many adverse effects, such as the increase of traffic accidents and the increase of casualties. Exhaust emissions and so on (the carbon dioxide emissions are also caused by Greenhouse Effect). Therefore, this paper will focus on road traffic safety and the implementation of some key technologies. The main work of this paper is to study and analyze the mathematical model of traffic flow. Firstly, the Markov chain chain model is used to express the transition state of the vehicle on the road. The basic theory of stochastic process algebra Markov and the proof and application of the push-guiding theory are introduced in detail. Secondly, by combining the existing theoretical research, the distribution law of vehicle arrival is derived, that is, the distribution law follows Poisson distribution when the traffic density is small, and the binomial distribution law when the traffic density is high. In addition, the paper introduces the current popular data acquisition and transmission technology in detail. The radio frequency identification identification (RFID) technology is introduced in detail, including the flow, principle and key technologies of RFID technology. In the following chapter, we use RFID technology to collect and send the relevant data. (2) the behavior of vehicle and pedestrian disobeying traffic rules is divided into two parts: the illegal behavior between vehicle and vehicle and between vehicle and person. When pedestrians do not comply with traffic rules, they obtain and analyze the abnormal behavior of pedestrians through digital image processing or radio frequency identification technology, and then carry out multi-hop transmission of relevant emergency information through the roadside unit Road Side Unit RSUs and the vehicle itself. Inform follow-up vehicles in time to avoid traffic accidents. When the vehicle does not abide by the traffic rules, it calculates whether the vehicle is suspected of running a red light by relevant algorithms. Once it is confirmed that there is a suspicion of running a red light, the relevant emergency information is sent to the pedestrian through a loudspeaker, and the pedestrian takes necessary measures according to the relevant algorithm. In order to avoid traffic accidents, the multi-hop communication technology is analyzed and studied. By combining time headway and space headway, the next hop Next-hops information receiver in multi-hop multi-hops communication is calculated by using fuzzy logic system (fuzzy logic system). In this paper, the superiority of the proposed algorithm based on fuzzy logic system is verified by comparing the two algorithms of time front time distance and space front time distance. In addition, the damage caused by traffic accident collision is simulated and calculated. By calculating the impulse caused by the collision, the injury degree of driver, passenger and pedestrian is determined. Finally, the above algorithm is applied in practice. This paper simulates the scene of an actual prosperous road in Nanjing by TraCI4Matlab software. Through the simulation of the scene, the results show the advantages of the algorithm. In addition, by improving the algorithm of exhaust CO_2 emission formula, the paper puts forward the strategy of greatly reducing the emission of automobile exhaust CO_2. The algorithm and strategy can not only ensure road traffic safety, but also achieve emission reduction plan and achieve the goal of green travel.
【學位授予單位】：揚州大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：U492.8

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