本文選題：煤常溫氧化 + CO產(chǎn)生規(guī)律　； 參考：《太原理工大學(xué)》2015年博士論文

【摘要】：神東礦區(qū)是我國(guó)13個(gè)億噸礦區(qū)之一，所屬礦井均為全國(guó)一流的現(xiàn)代化高產(chǎn)高效礦井，公司年產(chǎn)煤炭達(dá)2億噸，主要開(kāi)采的煤種為變質(zhì)程度較低的長(zhǎng)焰煤和不粘煤，開(kāi)采煤層均為容易自燃和自燃煤層。由于礦井產(chǎn)量大、采空區(qū)面積大、煤層極易氧化等原因，，綜采面回風(fēng)隅角經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)CO積聚并導(dǎo)致CO持續(xù)超限（超過(guò)《煤礦安全規(guī)程》規(guī)定的最高允許濃度24ppm），干擾煤自燃預(yù)測(cè)預(yù)報(bào)，同時(shí)給現(xiàn)場(chǎng)制定科學(xué)有效的防滅火和綜采面回風(fēng)隅角CO管理和控制措施帶來(lái)了困惑，嚴(yán)重影響礦井安全生產(chǎn)。綜采面采空區(qū)CO產(chǎn)生規(guī)律、積聚及運(yùn)移規(guī)律一直是礦井火災(zāi)防治的關(guān)鍵科學(xué)問(wèn)題，論文以神東礦區(qū)為研究對(duì)象，圍繞煤煤常溫氧化CO產(chǎn)生規(guī)律，采空區(qū)CO積聚、運(yùn)移規(guī)律，綜采面回風(fēng)隅角CO安全及自燃預(yù)警濃度，CO控制技術(shù)和管控標(biāo)準(zhǔn)開(kāi)展研究，為解決長(zhǎng)期困擾我國(guó)西北、華北等重點(diǎn)產(chǎn)煤基地日常生產(chǎn)中CO超限與自然發(fā)火關(guān)系的問(wèn)題，制定符合現(xiàn)場(chǎng)實(shí)際的礦井防滅火技術(shù)管理標(biāo)準(zhǔn)提供依據(jù)。得到以下主要結(jié)論： （1）通過(guò)理論分析、現(xiàn)場(chǎng)觀測(cè)發(fā)現(xiàn)，神東礦區(qū)綜采面生產(chǎn)期間回風(fēng)隅角CO較檢修期間超限嚴(yán)重，相比CO濃度高出約10～20ppm。留頂煤采煤方法CO超限最為嚴(yán)重，一次采全高工作面基本上未產(chǎn)生CO超限。神東礦區(qū)綜采面回風(fēng)隅角CO來(lái)源是采空區(qū)浮煤常溫氧化、膠輪車尾氣、采煤機(jī)割煤破碎煤體產(chǎn)生，其中采空區(qū)浮煤常溫氧化是主要來(lái)源。采空區(qū)浮煤常溫氧化造成工作面回風(fēng)隅角CO濃度達(dá)80～150ppm，占76%；密集車輛時(shí)間段膠輪車尾氣造成工作面回風(fēng)隅角CO達(dá)10～20ppm，占18%；采煤機(jī)割煤破碎煤體造成工作面回風(fēng)隅角CO達(dá)10ppm，占6%。 （2）通過(guò)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)采樣、實(shí)驗(yàn)室分析對(duì)神東礦區(qū)開(kāi)采煤層原始賦存CO含量進(jìn)行了測(cè)定，結(jié)果表明：神東礦區(qū)煤層中原生賦存的CO含量極少，含量在0.42～0.52×10-6cm3/g，由于神東礦區(qū)綜采工作面配風(fēng)量較大，在1000～3000m3/min變化，因此，煤層中原生賦存的CO不會(huì)導(dǎo)致綜采面回風(fēng)隅角CO持續(xù)超限。 （3）研制開(kāi)發(fā)了煤常溫氧化實(shí)驗(yàn)裝置，現(xiàn)場(chǎng)采樣，并進(jìn)行了5個(gè)典型煤層煤樣（1.3kg）常溫封閉氧化試驗(yàn)。研究結(jié)果表明：神東礦區(qū)煤在小于20℃的常溫環(huán)境下能產(chǎn)生CO并消耗一定量的O2，在溫度基本保持不變的條件下，CO濃度逐漸升高，一定時(shí)間后達(dá)到一定濃度值后保持穩(wěn)定，煤樣產(chǎn)生CO濃度最大值為154～425ppm，濃度穩(wěn)定時(shí)間一般在380～980min。隨著氧化的進(jìn)行，產(chǎn)生CO速率逐漸下降，下降到一定程度后CO的累積濃度不再上升，穩(wěn)定在一定的水平。各煤樣產(chǎn)生CO速率平均為0.56～1.64cm3/（min·m3）。消耗O2速率和生成CO速率呈正比，不同煤樣消耗O2速率不同，一般為0.36～1.30l/（min·m3）。 （4）通過(guò)對(duì)煤常溫下惰性氣氛下CO脫附實(shí)驗(yàn)和氧化環(huán)境下的多次氧化實(shí)驗(yàn)研究，發(fā)現(xiàn)煤解吸與煤氧化過(guò)程中的CO釋放速率具有相似的過(guò)程，第一個(gè)小時(shí)內(nèi)CO的釋放速率銳減，一段時(shí)間之后，CO釋放速率的減少趨勢(shì)放緩，并逐步趨于穩(wěn)定，并通過(guò)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，煤的常溫氧化是CO釋放的主要原因。常溫氧化實(shí)驗(yàn)過(guò)程中CO釋放速率的倒數(shù)與時(shí)間的對(duì)數(shù)成線性關(guān)系,因此CO的釋放速率與時(shí)間的關(guān)系可表示為RCO=a/lnt-b,可通過(guò)此公式可定量的研究CO釋放速率與氧化時(shí)間關(guān)系。 (5)煤常溫下多次氧化實(shí)驗(yàn)表明：CO的釋放速率除了受到氧氣濃度和煤體表面活性位點(diǎn)的影響外,主要受到煤氧產(chǎn)生抑制反應(yīng)的氧化產(chǎn)物影響。當(dāng)這些氧化產(chǎn)物排空消除后,煤氧反應(yīng)進(jìn)程重新恢復(fù),CO釋放速率上升。這一結(jié)論證明采空區(qū)浮煤反復(fù)在采空區(qū)漏風(fēng)流的作用下不斷地產(chǎn)生CO并隨著采空區(qū)漏風(fēng)運(yùn)移到工作面回風(fēng)隅角,從而導(dǎo)致綜采面回風(fēng)隅角CO持續(xù)超限。 (6)通過(guò)建立基于氧氣消耗速率與氧氣濃度的關(guān)系函數(shù),獲得了煤常溫下CO產(chǎn)生機(jī)理,煤的常溫氧化機(jī)制分為五個(gè)階段——“化學(xué)反應(yīng)控制機(jī)制”、“過(guò)渡期”、“擴(kuò)散控制機(jī)制”、“抑制控制機(jī)制”和“類燃燒反應(yīng)機(jī)制”研究結(jié)果可以為綜采面回風(fēng)隅角CO超限治理提供理論依據(jù)。 (7)通過(guò)對(duì)綜采工作面采空區(qū)CO、O2氣體的現(xiàn)場(chǎng)觀測(cè),并結(jié)合煤常溫氧化實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果,確定了采空區(qū)CO產(chǎn)生的危險(xiǎn)區(qū)域,采空區(qū)中CO氣體濃度在距離工作面60～100m的位置出現(xiàn)最大值,一般在71～230ppm間,然后在120m穩(wěn)定,CO在50ppm以內(nèi)。 (8)通過(guò)建立工作面不同推進(jìn)位置時(shí)的3D氣體運(yùn)移CFD模型,研究分析了U型通風(fēng)工作面氣體分布特征,在此基礎(chǔ)上,模擬分析了U型通風(fēng)工作面采空區(qū)不同位置煤氧化產(chǎn)生CO氣體在采空區(qū)的分布特征,得出了CO氣體在采空區(qū)的運(yùn)移規(guī)律。 (9)在大量的實(shí)驗(yàn)和現(xiàn)場(chǎng)觀測(cè)的基礎(chǔ)上,建立了神東礦區(qū)綜采面回風(fēng)隅角CO安全及自燃預(yù)警濃度預(yù)測(cè)模型： 利用該模型計(jì)算確定了神東礦區(qū)綜采面回風(fēng)隅角CO安全及自燃預(yù)警濃度值,并與現(xiàn)場(chǎng)測(cè)定結(jié)果相吻合。確定了神東礦區(qū)綜采工作面正�；夭蓵r(shí)回風(fēng)隅角CO安全濃度為85ppm,自燃預(yù)警濃度為350ppm。 (10)在對(duì)神東礦區(qū)開(kāi)采技術(shù)條件及煤自燃特點(diǎn),在大量現(xiàn)場(chǎng)觀測(cè)、實(shí)驗(yàn)室研究、理論分析計(jì)算的基礎(chǔ)上,結(jié)合神東礦區(qū)現(xiàn)有的防滅火技術(shù)裝備條件,編制了《神東礦區(qū)防滅火管理規(guī)定》。該管理規(guī)定給神東礦區(qū)防滅火工作提供了科學(xué)的依據(jù),對(duì)神華集團(tuán)及我國(guó)類似條件礦井防滅火技術(shù)管理具有借鑒意義。
[Abstract]:The Shendong mining area is one of 13 million ton mining areas in China. All the mines belong to the first-class modern high production and high efficiency mine in China. The company produces 2 million tons of coal annually. The main coal mining is long flame coal and non stick coal with low metamorphic degree. The coal seam is easy to burn and spontaneous combustion coal seam. Because of the large coal mine production, the large area of goaf and the coal seam pole Because of easy oxidation and other reasons, CO accumulation often occurs in the corner corner of the fully mechanized mining face and leads to the continuous overlimit of CO (exceeding the maximum allowable concentration of 24ppm stipulated in the coal mine safety regulations >). It interferes with the prediction of coal spontaneous combustion and brings puzzles to the field of making a scientific and effective fire prevention and recovery corner CO management and control measures, which seriously affect the mine. Safety production. The rule of CO production in the mining area of fully mechanized mining area, accumulation and migration law is the key scientific problem in mine fire prevention and control. The thesis takes the Shendong mining area as the research object, around the coal coal coal at normal temperature oxidation CO rule, the accumulation of CO in the goaf, the migration law, the CO safety and spontaneous combustion early warning concentration in the corner corner of the fully mechanized coal face, CO control technology and control In order to solve the problem of the relationship between CO overlimit and natural fire in the daily production of key coal producing bases in Northwest China, North China and other key coal production bases, the standard development research provides the basis for making the mine fire prevention and extinguishing technology management standards in line with the actual field. The following main conclusions are obtained:
(1) through the theoretical analysis, the field observation shows that the CO of the return air corner of the fully mechanized coal mining face during the production of the Shendong mining area is more serious than the overhaul during the maintenance period. Compared with the CO concentration higher than the concentration of 10 to 20ppm. with the top coal mining method, the CO overlimit is most serious, and the first full height working face has not produced the CO exceeding the limit basically. The origin of the corner corner of the return air in the fully mechanized coal mining face in Shendong mining area is the floating area floating area floats. Coal at normal temperature oxidation, rubber wheel vehicle tail gas and coal shearer broken coal are produced. The main source is the atmospheric oxidation of coal floating coal at normal temperature in goaf. The CO concentration of the return air corner of the working face is 80 ~ 150ppm, accounting for 76%, and the exhaust gas of the time section of dense vehicles is 10 to 20ppm, accounting for 18%, and the coal mining machine. The CO of the working face return to the wind can reach 10ppm, accounting for 6%.
(2) through field sampling, the original CO content of coal seam mining in Shendong mining area was measured by laboratory analysis. The results showed that the original CO content in coal seam in Shendong mining area was very small and the content was 0.42 to 0.52 x 10-6cm3/g. Because of the large amount of air distribution in the fully mechanized coal mining face in Shendong mining area, the change of the coal seam was 1000 to 3000m3/min, so the coal seam was born in Central China. The stored CO will not lead to continuous overrun of CO in the return corner of fully mechanized face.
(3) the experimental equipment for oxidation of coal at normal temperature was developed and sampled, and 5 typical coal seam coal samples (1.3KG) were tested at normal temperature. The results showed that the coal in Shendong mining area could produce CO and consume a certain amount of O2 under the ambient temperature less than 20 C, and the concentration of CO increased gradually when the temperature base was kept unchanged. After a certain concentration is reached, the maximum CO concentration of coal sample is 154 ~ 425ppm, and the time of concentration stability is generally 380 ~ 980min. with oxidation, and the rate of CO decreases gradually. After a certain degree, the cumulative concentration of CO is no longer rising and stable at a fixed level. The average CO rate of each coal sample is 0.56 ~ 1.64. Cm3/ (min. M3). The rate of O2 consumption is proportional to the rate of CO formation, and the rate of O2 consumption of different coal samples is different, generally 0.36 to 1.30l/ (min. M3).
(4) it is found that the release rate of CO in the process of coal desorption and coal oxidation has a similar process by CO desorption experiment under inert atmosphere at normal temperature and oxidation environment, and the release rate of CO decreases sharply in the first hour. After a period of time, the decreasing trend of CO release rate slows down, and gradually tends to stabilize, and pass through. After study, it is found that the oxidation of coal at normal temperature is the main reason for the release of CO. The reciprocal of the release rate of CO in the process of atmospheric oxidation is linear with the logarithm of the logarithm of time, so the relationship between the release rate of CO and the time can be expressed as RCO=a/lnt-b, and the relation between the release rate of CO and the oxidation time can be quantitatively studied by this formula.
(5) multiple oxidation experiments at coal at normal temperature show that the release rate of CO is mainly influenced by oxygen concentration and the surface active site of coal, which is mainly influenced by the oxidation products of coal oxygen inhibition. When these oxidation products are eliminated, the process of coal oxygen reaction is resumed and the release rate of CO rises. This conclusion proves that the goaf is in the goaf. The floating coal constantly produces CO under the action of leakage flow in the goaf, and moves to the corner of the return air in the working face with the air leakage in the goaf, which leads to the continuous overlimit of the CO in the return corner of the fully mechanized face.
(6) by establishing a relationship function based on oxygen consumption rate and oxygen concentration, the mechanism of CO production at normal temperature is obtained. The mechanism of coal atmospheric oxidation is divided into five stages: "chemical reaction control mechanism", "transition period", "diffusion control mechanism", "inhibition control mechanism" and "type combustion reaction mechanism" results can be found. It provides theoretical basis for CO overrun in the corner of fully mechanized mining face.
(7) through the field observation of CO and O2 gas in the goaf of fully mechanized coal mining face, and combining with the experimental results of coal atmospheric oxidation, the dangerous area produced by CO in the goaf is determined. The maximum value of CO gas concentration in the goaf is in the range of 60 to 100m from the working face, usually between 71 and 230ppm, and then in 120m and CO in 50ppm.
(8) through the establishment of the 3D gas migration CFD model in different position of the working face, the gas distribution characteristics of the U ventilation face are studied and analyzed. On this basis, the distribution characteristics of CO gas in the goaf are simulated and analyzed in different positions of the goaf of the U ventilation working face, and the migration law of CO gas in the goaf is obtained.
(9) based on a large number of experiments and field observations, a prediction model for early warning of CO safety and spontaneous combustion in the corner of fully mechanized mining face in Shendong mining area is established.
The early warning concentration of CO safety and spontaneous combustion in the return air corner of fully mechanized coal mining face in Shendong mining area is calculated by this model, and it is in agreement with the results of field measurement. The safety concentration of CO in the corner of the return air corner of the fully mechanized coal mining face in Shendong mining area is 85PPM, and the early warning concentration of spontaneous combustion is 350ppm.
(10) on the basis of a large amount of field observation, laboratory research, theoretical analysis and calculation on the technical conditions and coal spontaneous combustion characteristics of Shendong mining area, combining with the existing conditions of fire prevention and extinguishing technology and equipment in Shendong mining area, the regulations for the management of fire prevention and extinguishing in Shendong mining area have been compiled. The management rules provide a scientific basis for the fire prevention and extinguishing work in the Shendong mining area. It has reference significance for Shenhua Group and similar mine in China.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：太原理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TD752.2

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