本文選題：LNG + 罐式集裝箱　； 參考：《蘭州交通大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著生態(tài)經(jīng)濟的快速發(fā)展,對環(huán)境的保護力度要求也越來越高,液化天然氣(簡稱LNG)作為一種環(huán)保、經(jīng)濟、安全的新型能源,具有非常顯著的環(huán)境效益。發(fā)展LNG鐵路運輸將促進鐵路增運增收,利用罐式集裝箱進行液化氣運輸,可以充分發(fā)揮鐵路專用線的優(yōu)勢和潛力,帶動沿線地區(qū)的經(jīng)濟發(fā)展。本文對LNG罐式集裝箱進行運輸安全的研究,是對我國鐵路罐式集裝箱運輸危險貨物內(nèi)容的補充,代表我國鐵路發(fā)展又向前邁進一步,具有十分重要的現(xiàn)實意義。本文通過總結(jié)國內(nèi)外鐵路罐式集裝箱運輸安全相關(guān)研究,結(jié)合我國目前存在的問題出發(fā),進行以下幾個方面的研究:首先,對罐式集裝箱鐵路運輸危險性因素及罐式集裝箱滿足的安全技術(shù)條件進行分析。主要包括罐式集裝箱框架、罐體、安全附件等方面的要求;介質(zhì)充裝量的確定;溫度對罐體保溫層的影響等,為下文研究打下基礎(chǔ)。然后,對罐式集裝箱罐體溫度場進行數(shù)值計算。分析罐式集裝箱與周圍環(huán)境之間的熱傳遞,對原有溫度模型進行改進,引入充裝率大小、隔熱層保溫性能兩個因素作為約束條件,建立溫度影響模型。利用ANSYS軟件,建立二維有限元模型,分析罐體外壁、隔熱層及內(nèi)壁之間的瞬態(tài)熱傳遞情況,研究在變化的環(huán)境溫度下保溫層不同厚度、不同材料對溫度場的影響。結(jié)果表明,保溫層厚度越大,保溫層材料導(dǎo)熱系數(shù)越小,溫度上升越慢,但是在實際設(shè)計中要考慮到罐體容積及制造成本的經(jīng)濟性問題。預(yù)測罐式集裝箱罐體在高溫運輸環(huán)境下從外到內(nèi)的溫度變化規(guī)律,并且和試驗數(shù)據(jù)進行對比,兩者溫度變化曲線相似,具有一定的參考價值,為罐式集裝箱的保溫和制冷設(shè)計提供相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)。最后,在對罐體溫度場模擬計算的基礎(chǔ)上,考慮罐體內(nèi)介質(zhì)溫度分層現(xiàn)象,研究環(huán)境溫度、充裝率兩個因素對罐內(nèi)壓力和溫度的影響,掌握其變化規(guī)律,為運輸途中泄壓做好措施。建立改進的傳熱模型,進行瞬態(tài)熱分析。結(jié)果表明罐體內(nèi)流體之間存在溫度分層現(xiàn)象,主要分為氣相區(qū)溫度場、飽和液相區(qū)溫度場和過冷液相區(qū)溫度場,且氣相區(qū)溫度明顯高于液相區(qū)溫度,飽和液相區(qū)溫度高于過冷液相區(qū)溫度,在垂直方向存在明顯的溫度梯度。罐體內(nèi)溫度和壓力隨時間逐漸上升,充裝率越小,罐內(nèi)溫度、壓力上升速率越快,所用時間越短;任意充裝率下,環(huán)境溫度越高,壓力上升越快。研究得知在不同季節(jié)、不同運輸環(huán)境溫度下都存在著一個最優(yōu)的充裝率,為真車實驗提供依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of ecological economy, the demand for environmental protection is becoming higher and higher. As a new type of environmental protection, economic and safe new energy, LNG has very significant environmental benefits. The development of LNG railway transportation will promote the increase of transportation and income of the railway, and can make full use of the tank container for the transport of liquefied gas. The advantages and potential of the special railway line drive the economic development along the area along the line. The research on the transport safety of LNG container containers is a supplement to the contents of the dangerous goods for the transportation of the container container in China. It represents the development of China's railway and is further advanced, which is of ten important practical significance. The relevant research on the safety of the railway container container transportation, combining with the existing problems in our country, carries out the following research. First, the risk factors of the tank container railway transportation and the safety technical conditions of the container container are analyzed. The main factors include the tank container frame, the tank, the safety accessories and so on. The calculation of the temperature field of the tank container tank is calculated. The heat transfer between the tank container and the surrounding environment is analyzed, the original temperature model is improved, the size of the filling rate is introduced, and the heat insulation property of the heat insulation layer is introduced into two factors. As a constraint condition, the temperature influence model is established. By using ANSYS software, a two-dimensional finite element model is established to analyze the transient heat transfer between the outer wall of the tank, the heat insulation layer and the inner wall, and study the different thickness of the insulation layer and the effect of different materials on the temperature field at the changing ambient temperature. The results show that the thicker the insulation layer is, the insulation material is more thick. The smaller the thermal conductivity is, the slower the temperature rises, but in the actual design, the economic problem of volume and manufacturing cost should be taken into account. The temperature change law of tank container can be predicted from outside to inside in high temperature transportation environment, and compared with the test data, the temperature change curves of the two are similar and have a certain reference value. To provide relevant data for the heat preservation and refrigeration design of tank container. Finally, on the basis of the simulation calculation of the temperature field of the tank, the effects of two factors on the pressure and temperature in the tank are studied by considering the temperature stratification of the medium in the tank, and the changes in the pressure and temperature in the tank are studied. The results show that there is a temperature stratification between the fluid in the tank and the temperature field in the gas phase, the temperature field in the saturated liquid phase and the temperature field in the supercooled liquid region, and the temperature of the gas phase is obviously higher than that in the liquid region. The temperature of the saturated liquid phase region is higher than the temperature in the supercooled liquid zone. The temperature and pressure in the tank are increasing with time, the smaller the filling rate is, the faster the temperature and pressure in the tank, the shorter the time used, the higher the environment temperature and the faster the pressure rise under arbitrary charging rate. It is found that there is an optimal filling rate at different transportation environment temperatures in different seasons. Provide the basis.

【學位授予單位】：蘭州交通大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：U298.3

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