本文選題：噪聲　切入點：噪聲防護耳罩　出處：《昆明理工大學》2013年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：隨著生產的發(fā)展、社會的進步,人類對職業(yè)健康的要求日趨上升。作為七大公害之一的噪聲,是職業(yè)健康安全的重要研究對象。當前,國內外的一些專家學者在噪聲防護方面進行了大量的研究,這些研究的主要手段有：①改革生產工藝,降低噪聲源的聲能量甚至杜絕噪聲源的產生；②尋找新型聲功能材料,吸收噪聲及隔絕其傳播；③研究噪聲防護器具,對接受者進行個體防護。 本文詳細闡述了自適應噪聲防護耳罩的相關理論知識,著重介紹了裝置的關鍵元件選擇,電路結構,軟件程序以及機械方案設計與實現(xiàn)。本文利用現(xiàn)代電子技術、智能控制手段、常用機械傳動機構以及具有降噪功能的傳統(tǒng)聲材料,研究設計了基于MSP430單片機的自適應噪聲防護耳罩。 自適應噪聲防護耳罩的硬件主要包括：噪聲傳感器、信號放大處理電路、電機驅動電路、電源電池裝置、單片機控制以及機械結構。其設計核心是：首先,噪聲傳感器將接收到的聲信號轉換成電信號,電信號經放大電路處理后送入單片機的ADC實現(xiàn)A/D轉換成為數字信號；其次,單片機對數字信號進行數據處理、運算后,輸出電平信號送入電機驅動芯片；芯片驅動電機帶動機械運轉,實現(xiàn)耳罩體與耳部的自動離合以及自行調節(jié)佩戴壓力的功能。 在實驗室現(xiàn)有條件下,根據本文的設計理念,結合已擁有的資源,制作了自適應噪聲防護耳罩樣機。并對樣機系統(tǒng)進行功能試驗,同時將自適應噪聲防護耳罩樣機和改造前的傳統(tǒng)噪聲耳罩做定性對比實驗,分析實驗結果,總結其性能優(yōu)缺點。與傳統(tǒng)噪聲防護耳罩相比,本自適應噪聲防護耳罩能夠自動檢測環(huán)境噪聲,根據噪聲強度控制耳罩的動作,解決了在間歇噪聲環(huán)境中耳罩與耳部的離合狀態(tài)以及佩戴壓力兩大問題。因此,自適應噪聲防護耳罩在生活、生產中的噪聲防護和實踐教學中有著較好的應用前景。
[Abstract]:With the development of production and the progress of society, the demands of human being on occupational health are rising day by day. As one of the seven public hazards, noise is an important research object of occupational health and safety. Some experts and scholars at home and abroad have carried out a great deal of research on noise protection. The main means of these researches are: reforming the production process of 1: 1, reducing the sound energy of noise sources and even eliminating the generation of noise sources to find new sound functional materials. Absorbing noise and isolating the noise Propagation. In this paper, the relevant theoretical knowledge of adaptive noise protection earmuffs is described in detail, and the selection of key components, circuit structure, software program and mechanical scheme design and implementation of the device are emphatically introduced. The adaptive noise protection earmuffs based on MSP430 single chip computer are studied and designed by intelligent control means, common mechanical transmission mechanism and traditional acoustic materials with noise reduction function. The hardware of adaptive noise protection earmuffs mainly includes: noise sensor, signal amplifying and processing circuit, motor driving circuit, power supply battery device, single chip microcomputer control and mechanical structure. The noise sensor converts the received acoustic signals into electrical signals, and the electrical signals are transmitted to the ADC of the single chip computer after processing by the amplifying circuit to realize the conversion of A / D to digital signals. Secondly, the single-chip computer processes and calculates the digital signals. The output level signal is fed into the motor drive chip, which drives the motor to drive the mechanical operation, realizes the automatic clutch between the earmuffs and the ears, and self-adjusts the wearing pressure. Under the existing conditions of the laboratory, according to the design idea of this paper, combined with the resources that have been possessed, the prototype of the adaptive noise protection earmuffs has been made, and the functional test of the prototype system has been carried out. At the same time, the prototype of adaptive noise protection earmuffs and the traditional noise earmuffs before modification are compared qualitatively, and the experimental results are analyzed, and their performance advantages and disadvantages are summarized. The adaptive noise protective earmuffs can automatically detect the ambient noise. According to the noise intensity, the motion of the earmuffs can be controlled, thus solving the two problems of the clutch state and wearing pressure of the earmuffs and ears in intermittent noise environment. Adaptive noise protection earmuffs have a good application prospect in daily life, production noise protection and practical teaching.
【學位授予單位】：昆明理工大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：TB535

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本文編號：1566878