本文關鍵詞： 火災模擬 扁平大空間類建筑 自然排煙 機械排煙　出處：《安徽理工大學》2013年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：隨著經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展,對建筑物的使用功能提出了很多新的要求,從而產(chǎn)生了一類具有特殊幾何特性的建筑,此類建筑面積大而高度并不高,稱為扁平大空間類建筑。煙氣是火災中造成人員傷亡的最主要因素,建筑的消防安全離不開對火災煙氣的控制與管理。本課題的研究重點是利用火災動態(tài)模擬軟件FDS研究不同火源位置、火源功率以及防排煙系統(tǒng)設置條件對扁平大空間類建筑火災煙氣運移規(guī)律的影響,力求為扁平大空間類建筑防排煙系統(tǒng)的設計、改造及火災時人員的安全疏散提供指導性意見。 本文首先介紹了火災和火災煙氣,建筑火災煙氣的控制方法以及扁平大空間類建筑的火災特殊性。扁平大空間類建筑的消防問題主要集中在以下幾個方面：防火分區(qū)面積過大；疏散距離較長；疏散寬度不夠；由于樓層凈高較低,人員很容易受到火災煙氣的威脅。 然后對扁平大空間類建筑的數(shù)值模擬理論和方法進行了概述,在火源的模化上結合我校圖書館的實際情況確定本文所使用的是快速平方穩(wěn)定火。通過對四種模擬方法的比較,最終確定本文采用場模擬。并對本文所要使用的FDS模擬軟件進行了介紹。 最后,應用FDS數(shù)值模擬軟件對扁平大空間類建筑進行數(shù)值分析,以我校圖憶館書厙為實例建立了四種火災場景,對比分析了原工況、改變火源位置、改變火源功率三種自然排煙,以及機械排煙方式對火場內(nèi)煙氣蔓延規(guī)律的影響。分析得出：火源位置改變了煙氣的蔓延路徑和程度；火源功率的降低,減弱了煙氣的蔓延和火場參數(shù)的影響；合理的布置機械排煙,可以提高火場內(nèi)的能見度,降低溫度、CO濃度,對人員的逃生更為有利。
[Abstract]:With the development of economy, many new requirements have been put forward for the use of buildings, which have produced a class of buildings with special geometric characteristics, which are large in area and not high in height. It is called flat and large space building. Smoke is the main cause of casualties in the fire. The fire safety of buildings can not be separated from the control and management of fire smoke. The research emphasis of this subject is to use the fire dynamic simulation software FDS to study the location of different fire sources. The influence of fire source power and the setting conditions of smoke control and exhaust system on the smoke migration law of flat and large space building fire is sought to provide guidance for the design, transformation and safety evacuation of smoke prevention and exhaust system in flat and large space buildings. This paper first introduces fire and fire smoke, The fire control method of building fire smoke and the fire particularity of flat large space building. The fire protection problems of flat large space building mainly focus on the following aspects: the fire prevention area is too large, the evacuation distance is long, the evacuation width is not enough; Because of the low net height of the floors, personnel are vulnerable to fire smoke. Then, the theory and method of numerical simulation of flat and large space buildings are summarized. Combining with the actual situation of our university library, it is determined that the fast square stable fire is used in this paper. Through the comparison of four simulation methods, Finally, field simulation is adopted in this paper, and the FDS simulation software used in this paper is introduced. Finally, using the FDS numerical simulation software to carry on the numerical analysis to the flat large space class building, taking the library of our school map and memory library as an example, four kinds of fire scenes are established, and the original working conditions are compared and analyzed to change the location of the fire source. It is concluded that the location of fire source changes the path and degree of flue gas spread, the decrease of fire source power, and the influence of mechanical smoke exhaust mode on the spread of smoke in the fire field by changing the three kinds of natural smoke exhaust power of fire source, and the influence of mechanical smoke exhaust mode on the spread of smoke in the fire field. The spread of smoke and the influence of fire field parameters are weakened, and the reasonable arrangement of mechanical smoke exhaust can improve the visibility in the fire site, reduce the temperature and CO concentration, and is more favorable for personnel to escape.
【學位授予單位】：安徽理工大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：TU892

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