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  本文關鍵詞： 道路交通事故 應急救援 優(yōu)化調配　出處：《蘭州交通大學》2013年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：道路交通事故與城市化加速和城市人口猛增的矛盾越來越嚴重。同時，隨著人們生活水平的提高，私家車數量的不斷增加，土地資源的有限，城市交通方面面臨著的壓力也愈大，各個大中型城市均不同程度地發(fā)生交通擁堵。道路交通事故在近年造成的危害雖得到遏制，但重大特大惡性交通事故卻頻繁發(fā)生，使得交通事故仍然是嚴重影響生活的因素之一。 道路交通事故應急救援能最大限度地降低人員傷亡和財產損失，使交通的通行能力快速恢復。事故發(fā)生后需統(tǒng)籌調度各種力量迅速對事故做出響應。在這期間救援工作預期的目的是將事故造成的損失降到最低。同時，使得救援工作的價值得到最大程度的提升，即救援取得的結果效益最大。事故發(fā)生后，不可能靠單一或幾個部門救援就能完成任務。救援工作若想取得滿意結果，是需要各部門共同合作才能完成的。 救援車輛的優(yōu)化調配在道路交通事故應急救援中顯得極為重要。作為交通流的一部分，行駛中肯定會受到實時交通情況的干擾。這將出現選擇單純以路徑最短作為救援路線時，會因流量的影響，導致救援點到事故地點的行駛路徑具有不確定性，，對整個救援響應時間影響較大。因此，在事故發(fā)生情況下如何確定行駛路徑，對救援車輛進行調配，使其能在快速行駛的最短距離內安全到達事故地點，成為調配方案的重要組成部分。傳統(tǒng)的救援車輛調配中多從時間和距離角度出發(fā)，對救援車輛行駛路段流量的影響考慮較少。 本文總結出道路交通事故這一突發(fā)事故下，救援車輛優(yōu)化調配問題需同時考慮距離、暢通性及安全性三方面問題。由實際出發(fā)，選擇應用決策方法對問題進行建模。建立了包含以上三個分量的效用函數，通過將模型轉化，由多屬性變?yōu)閱螌傩詥栴}。對得到的以函數值最大作為新模型的目標函數，應用迪杰斯特拉算法進行求解。最后通過算例驗證該方法的可行性。對實際道路交通事故應急車輛調度指揮決策有一定的借鑒意義。
[Abstract]:The contradiction between road traffic accidents and the acceleration of urbanization and the rapid increase of urban population is becoming more and more serious. At the same time, with the improvement of people's living standards, the number of private cars is increasing, and the land resources are limited. The greater the pressure on urban traffic, the more traffic jams occur in various large and medium-sized cities. Although the harm caused by road traffic accidents in recent years has been contained, serious and malignant traffic accidents occur frequently. Traffic accidents are still one of the serious factors affecting life. Emergency rescue for road traffic accidents can minimize casualties and property losses. Make the traffic capacity recover quickly. After the accident happens, all kinds of forces should be coordinated to respond to the accident quickly. During this period, the aim of the rescue work is to minimize the damage caused by the accident. At the same time, So that the value of rescue work is maximized, that is, the result of rescue is most beneficial. After the accident, it is impossible to rely on a single department or several departments to complete the task. If the rescue work wants to achieve satisfactory results, It takes all departments to work together. The optimal allocation of rescue vehicles is very important in the emergency rescue of road traffic accidents. As a part of traffic flow, It is sure to be interfered by the real time traffic situation. This will result in the uncertainty of the route from the rescue point to the accident site because of the influence of the flow rate when choosing only the shortest path as the rescue route. Therefore, how to determine the driving path in case of an accident, and how to deploy the rescue vehicle, so that it can safely reach the accident site within the shortest distance of fast driving, As an important part of the deployment scheme, the traditional deployment of rescue vehicles mostly from the perspective of time and distance, less consideration of the impact on the flow of the rescue vehicle on the road. In this paper, it is concluded that under the sudden accident of road traffic accident, the optimal allocation of rescue vehicles should take into account the three aspects of distance, smoothness and safety at the same time. The utility function containing the above three components is established, and the model is transformed from multi-attribute to single-attribute problem. The maximum value of the function is taken as the objective function of the new model. Finally, the feasibility of the method is verified by a numerical example, which can be used for reference in the decision-making of emergency vehicle dispatch and command in actual road traffic accidents.
【學位授予單位】：蘭州交通大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：U492.8;U491.31

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相關期刊論文 前1條

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