本文關鍵詞： 紅外光譜吸收 甲烷檢測 自適應濾波器 LS-FTF　出處：《吉林大學》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：本論文的研究課題來自于國家自然科學基金項目“深部采動下紅外瓦斯傳感特性變化模式及自適應檢測機制研究（61307124）”。 甲烷是一種易燃易爆的氣體，每年的瓦斯爆炸事故時有發(fā)生，這給人們的生命和財產安全帶來巨大的危害，因此實時監(jiān)測甲烷氣體具有十分重要的意義。用于甲烷氣體檢測的方法有多種，比如催化燃燒法、氣敏半導體法、光干涉法、紅外吸收法等。由于紅外光譜吸收技術的諸多優(yōu)勢：選擇性好、壽命長、穩(wěn)定性好、精度高、測量范圍寬等，采用該技術研制瓦斯檢測儀是預防瓦斯爆炸的主要措施。然而，在礦下惡劣環(huán)境中，對瓦斯檢測可形成干擾的噪聲較多，比如溫度、壓力、風速的驟變，大型機械運作形成的無規(guī)則噪聲聲壓，電路隨機噪聲，背景光隨機干擾等，更為嚴重的是，我們無法預知這些噪聲的統(tǒng)計特性，因此我們無法采用傳統(tǒng)濾波方法濾出上述噪聲。為此，，在瓦斯檢測中，本文引入了自適應現(xiàn)代濾波器，這種方法依靠對檢測中所出現(xiàn)噪聲的統(tǒng)計特性的估計，實時調整濾波器的參數(shù)，從而可較好的抑制噪聲的影響。這對提高煤礦惡劣環(huán)境下改善瓦斯檢測儀的性能具有重要的意義。 本論文的主要研究內容包括：首先，基于自適應干擾抑制原理，采用MATLAB軟件編寫了LS-FTF和LMS自適應算法的實現(xiàn)程序,并進行了軟件仿真,之后對仿真結果進行了分析，證明了自適應算法對噪聲具有很好地抑制作用；緊接著選取了合適的光源和探測器，并設計了光路和氣室結構，最終完成了整個光路結構的搭建；其次，基于差分式吸收的原理設計了硬件整體框圖，對硬件的每一部分根據(jù)系統(tǒng)需要進行設計后進行焊接和調試,之后對硬件整體進行調試，完成了差分式甲烷檢測系統(tǒng)的搭建，并針對該甲烷檢測系統(tǒng)做了系統(tǒng)標定和穩(wěn)定性的氣體實驗；之后借助于數(shù)據(jù)采集卡和LabVIEW軟件搭建了自適應甲烷檢測平臺，取代了常規(guī)的借助微處理器完成對信號的軟件處理的方法，最后進行了相關性測試實驗和自適應檢測平臺功能驗證實驗，驗證了該平臺的功能。 本論文的創(chuàng)新點： 1.在瓦斯檢測中，引入了自適應現(xiàn)代濾波器，該方法依靠對檢測中所出現(xiàn)噪聲的統(tǒng)計特性的估計，實時調整濾波器的參數(shù)，從而可較好的抑制噪聲的影響。 2.采用LabVIEW平臺和PCI數(shù)據(jù)采集卡，構建了自適應甲烷氣體的檢測平臺，驗證了該平臺的功能，為進一步工程應用打下了基礎，具有很好的應用價值。
[Abstract]:The research topic of this paper comes from the project of National Natural Science Foundation of China, "Research on the change mode of infrared gas sensing characteristics and the adaptive detection mechanism under deep mining" (61307124). Methane is a flammable and explosive gas. Every year, gas explosion accidents occur from time to time, which brings great harm to people's life and property safety. Therefore, it is very important to monitor methane gas in real time. There are many methods for methane gas detection, such as catalytic combustion method, gas sensitive semiconductor method and optical interference method. Infrared absorption method. Due to many advantages of infrared absorption technology: good selectivity, long life, good stability, high accuracy, wide measurement range. Using this technology to develop gas detector is the main measure to prevent gas explosion. However, in the bad environment under the mine, there are many noises which can interfere with the gas detection, such as the sudden change of temperature, pressure and wind speed. The irregular noise sound pressure, circuit random noise, background light random interference and so on are formed in the operation of large machinery. What is more, we can not predict the statistical characteristics of these noises. Therefore, we can not use the traditional filtering method to filter out the above noise. For this reason, this paper introduces an adaptive modern filter in gas detection, which relies on the estimation of the statistical characteristics of the noise in the detection. The parameters of the filter can be adjusted in real time so as to restrain the influence of noise, which is of great significance to improve the performance of the gas detector in the harsh environment of coal mine. The main contents of this thesis are as follows: firstly, based on the principle of adaptive interference suppression, LS-FTF and LMS adaptive algorithms are programmed by MATLAB software. The software simulation is carried out, and the simulation results are analyzed. It is proved that the adaptive algorithm has a good effect on noise suppression. Then the suitable light source and detector are selected, and the light path and the gas chamber structure are designed, and the whole light path structure is finally completed. Secondly, based on the principle of differential absorption, the hardware block diagram is designed, each part of the hardware is designed and debugged according to the need of the system, and then the whole hardware is debugged. The differential methane detection system has been built, and the system calibration and stability gas experiments have been done for the methane detection system. After that, an adaptive methane detection platform is built with the aid of data acquisition card and LabVIEW software, which replaces the conventional method of using microprocessor to complete the processing of signal software. Finally, the correlation test experiment and the function verification experiment of the adaptive detection platform are carried out to verify the function of the platform. The innovations of this thesis are as follows: 1. An adaptive modern filter is introduced in gas detection. The method adjusts the parameters of the filter in real time by estimating the statistical characteristics of the noise in the detection. Thus, the effect of noise can be better suppressed. 2. Using LabVIEW platform and PCI data acquisition card, an adaptive methane gas detection platform is constructed, which verifies the function of the platform and lays a foundation for further engineering application. It has good application value.
【學位授予單位】：吉林大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TD712.5

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