發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-11-27 17:10

【摘要】：隨著工業(yè)生產(chǎn)的快速發(fā)展,水泵產(chǎn)品廣泛應(yīng)用于工業(yè)各個(gè)領(lǐng)域。水泵中機(jī)械傳動(dòng)是必不可少的,水泵軸和葉輪等結(jié)構(gòu)作為水泵中重要的傳動(dòng)裝置被廣泛應(yīng)用。因此,這些結(jié)構(gòu)的相關(guān)指標(biāo)將影響水泵的運(yùn)行情況和技術(shù)指標(biāo)。機(jī)械加工生產(chǎn)的工件與設(shè)計(jì)指標(biāo)相比總會(huì)出現(xiàn)偏差,加工后零件的點(diǎn)、線、面等實(shí)際要素相對(duì)于理想要素總有誤差,所能允許的這一誤差的最大值即為形位公差。徑向圓跳動(dòng)公差就是形位公差中一項(xiàng)重要檢測(cè)指標(biāo)。這一指標(biāo),將使水泵運(yùn)行時(shí)產(chǎn)生發(fā)熱和震動(dòng)等情況,甚至影響到水泵的使用壽命。檢測(cè)這一指標(biāo),可以用于分析跳動(dòng)形位誤差,從而優(yōu)化生產(chǎn),提高質(zhì)量。本系統(tǒng)采用具有無(wú)線傳輸方式的數(shù)顯千分表、非接觸測(cè)量的電渦流傳感器和角度編碼器作為檢測(cè)儀表。在各個(gè)角度下,應(yīng)用這些儀表采集水泵軸軸頸的電氣徑向圓跳動(dòng)、葉輪口環(huán)的機(jī)械徑向圓跳動(dòng)量和角度值,從而建立極坐標(biāo)。本文中采用西門(mén)子PLC作為下位機(jī),接收處理電渦流傳感器和角度編碼器數(shù)據(jù),通過(guò)OPC協(xié)議,上傳電氣跳動(dòng)與角度值,接收上位機(jī)發(fā)來(lái)的千分表數(shù)值和命令。采用WinCC軟件編寫(xiě)程序作為上位機(jī),控制整個(gè)系統(tǒng)對(duì)測(cè)量數(shù)據(jù)的采集、顯示以及數(shù)據(jù)存檔,測(cè)量分辨力為1?m。通過(guò)對(duì)測(cè)量數(shù)據(jù)的分析發(fā)現(xiàn)安裝偏心誤差引起的正弦變化規(guī)律,并通過(guò)最小二乘擬合方法進(jìn)行去偏心誤差處理,并進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證方法的可行性,實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)在處理前跳動(dòng)量為85?m,偏心誤差為35?m,占跳動(dòng)量為80%;對(duì)粗大誤差進(jìn)行正態(tài)分布擬合,保留置信區(qū)間在95%內(nèi)的數(shù)據(jù),去除粗大誤差。本系統(tǒng)是根據(jù)國(guó)家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中有關(guān)徑向圓跳動(dòng)測(cè)量的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)設(shè)計(jì)的,本系統(tǒng)上位機(jī)的人機(jī)交互界面實(shí)現(xiàn)了數(shù)據(jù)采集和存儲(chǔ)的可視化與可控化,消除了人工讀數(shù)帶來(lái)的偶然誤差。對(duì)于測(cè)量數(shù)據(jù)的處理,可以較為有效的去除測(cè)量過(guò)程中的偏心誤差和粗大誤差,大幅減少誤差對(duì)跳動(dòng)量的影響,提高測(cè)量精度,達(dá)到設(shè)計(jì)要求。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of industrial production, pump products are widely used in various fields of industry. Mechanical transmission is essential in water pump, and pump shaft and impeller are widely used as important driving devices in water pump. Therefore, these structural indicators will affect the operation of the pump and technical indicators. There is always a deviation between the machined workpiece and the design index. The points, lines and surfaces of the machined parts always have errors relative to the ideal elements. The maximum value of this error is the tolerance of shape and position. Radial circle runout tolerance is an important index in shape and position tolerance. This index will cause heat and vibration when the pump is running, and even affect the service life of the pump. This index can be used to analyze the runout shape and position error, so as to optimize the production and improve the quality. The system adopts digital display meter with wireless transmission mode, non-contact eddy current sensor and angle encoder as testing instrument. At each angle, the electrical radial circle runout of the shaft neck of the pump shaft and the mechanical radial circle runout and angle value of the impeller orifice ring are collected by these instruments, and the polar coordinates are established. In this paper, Siemens PLC is used as the lower computer to receive and process the data of eddy current sensor and angle encoder. Through the OPC protocol, the electrical runout and angle values are uploaded, and the values and commands of the meter sent from the upper computer are received. The software of WinCC is used as the upper computer to control the acquisition, display and archiving of the measurement data in the whole system. The measurement resolution is 1m. The law of sinusoidal change caused by the installation eccentricity error is found through the analysis of the measurement data, and the de-eccentricity error is treated by the least square fitting method, and the feasibility of the method is verified by experiments. Before processing, the runout of the experimental data is 85 m, the eccentric error is 35 m, and the ratio of runout is 80 m. The coarse error is fitted by normal distribution and the data of confidence interval is kept within 95% to remove the gross error. The system is designed according to the national standard of radial circle runout measurement. The man-machine interface of the upper computer realizes the visualization and controllability of data acquisition and storage, and eliminates the accidental error caused by manual reading. For the measurement data processing, the eccentric error and the coarse error in the measurement process can be removed effectively, the influence of the error on the runout can be greatly reduced, the measurement accuracy can be improved, and the design requirements can be met.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：沈陽(yáng)工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TH38

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本文編號(hào)：2361512