【摘要】：船用電機滑動軸承是船舶推進軸系的重要支撐部件,其工作性能的好壞將直接影響到船舶整體的動力性、經(jīng)濟性及使用壽命等。船用電機滑動軸承相對于普通滑動軸承,工況更加復(fù)雜。因為船舶在航行過程中,由于受到海浪等因素的影響,會存在搖擺,軸承本身工作平面也會不同程度的傾斜,這對軸承的性能等提出了更高的要求。因此,研究設(shè)計高可靠性的船用電機滑動軸承,對促進我國船舶行業(yè)的發(fā)展具有重要的意義。本文采用自適應(yīng)權(quán)值粒子群算法對船用電機滑動軸承的結(jié)構(gòu)進行了優(yōu)化設(shè)計,并對其動、靜態(tài)特性進行分析計算,計算了軸承-轉(zhuǎn)子系統(tǒng)的失穩(wěn)轉(zhuǎn)速并分析了其穩(wěn)定性,搭建了船用電機滑動軸承試驗臺對軸承進行了試驗測試,驗證了所設(shè)計軸承的合理性與正確性。具體內(nèi)容如下:(1)采用自適應(yīng)粒子群算法對滑動軸承進行了優(yōu)化設(shè)計,建立了臥式滑動軸承結(jié)構(gòu)的優(yōu)化數(shù)學(xué)模型,在分別求解三個單目標(biāo)函數(shù)的情況后,得到多目標(biāo)優(yōu)化模型,對其進行優(yōu)化求解,并與原設(shè)計模型對比分析。(2)采用有限差分法,求解了等溫條件下的定常雷諾方程,得到了滑動軸承的靜態(tài)特性,并分析了結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)等對其的影響;考慮粘溫效應(yīng)后,綜合雷諾方程與能量方程,采用步進法與差分法聯(lián)立求解,得到了溫度場的分布和各項靜態(tài)特性,分析了粘溫效應(yīng)對各項靜態(tài)特性的影響。(3)研究了滑動軸承的動態(tài)特性,推導(dǎo)并采用壓力擾動法求解出了非定常雷諾方程,得到了基于小擾動的軸承-轉(zhuǎn)子系統(tǒng)的八個動態(tài)系數(shù)參數(shù)值,并分析結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)對剛度系數(shù)、阻尼系數(shù)的影響;分析了油膜失穩(wěn)機理,推導(dǎo)并實際計算了失穩(wěn)轉(zhuǎn)速,并分析了結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)對失穩(wěn)轉(zhuǎn)速的影響。(4)搭建了船用電機滑動軸承試驗臺,根據(jù)實際工況,進行了常規(guī)試驗與沖擊試驗,模擬了軸承在水平、傾斜、沖擊等工況下的工作情況,得到了滑動軸承在不同工況下的潤滑油溫度變化情況、試驗軸承瓦溫的變化情況,以及各種工況下軸瓦的磨損情況。研究表明,軸承的偏心率和寬徑比對軸承靜態(tài)、動態(tài)特性均有不同程度的影響,并且會影響軸承-轉(zhuǎn)子系統(tǒng)的穩(wěn)定性。因此在設(shè)計滑動軸承結(jié)構(gòu)時,必須綜合考慮偏心率和寬徑比的影響。相同條件下,粘溫效應(yīng)對軸承靜態(tài)性能的影響比較明顯。在設(shè)計軸承時,特別是高速情況下,不可忽略溫度的影響。對APSO優(yōu)化后所得到的船用電機滑動軸承進行了試驗測試,其溫升等性能穩(wěn)定,驗證了所設(shè)計軸承的合理性與正確性。
[Abstract]:Marine motor sliding bearing is an important supporting part of marine propulsion shafting, and its working performance will directly affect the power performance, economy and service life of the ship as a whole. Compared with ordinary plain bearings, marine motor sliding bearings are more complicated. Due to the influence of wave and other factors, the ship will swing and the working plane of the bearing will tilt to different degrees, which puts forward higher requirements for the performance of the bearing. Therefore, the research and design of high reliability marine motor sliding bearings is of great significance to promote the development of ship industry in China. In this paper, adaptive weight particle swarm optimization algorithm is used to optimize the structure of marine motor sliding bearing, and its dynamic and static characteristics are analyzed and calculated. The unstable speed of bearing-rotor system is calculated and its stability is analyzed. A marine motor sliding bearing test rig is built to test the bearing and verify the rationality and correctness of the designed bearing. The main contents are as follows: (1) the adaptive particle swarm optimization algorithm is used to optimize the design of sliding bearing, and the optimization mathematical model of horizontal sliding bearing structure is established. The multi-objective optimization model is obtained, and compared with the original design model. (2) the steady Reynolds equation under isothermal condition is solved by using the finite difference method, and the static characteristics of the sliding bearing are obtained. The influence of structural parameters on it is also analyzed. Considering the viscous temperature effect, the Reynolds equation and the energy equation are synthetically solved by the step method and the difference method. The distribution of the temperature field and the static characteristics of the temperature field are obtained. The influence of visco-temperature effect on the static characteristics is analyzed. (3) the dynamic characteristics of sliding bearings are studied, and the unsteady Reynolds equation is derived and solved by the pressure perturbation method. Eight dynamic coefficient parameters of bearing-rotor system based on small disturbance are obtained, and the influence of structural parameters on stiffness coefficient and damping coefficient is analyzed. The mechanism of oil film instability is analyzed, the unstable rotational speed is deduced and calculated, and the influence of structural parameters on the instability speed is analyzed. (4) A marine motor sliding bearing test rig is built, which is based on the actual working conditions. The conventional test and impact test were carried out to simulate the working conditions of the bearing under horizontal, inclined and impact conditions, and the variation of the lubricating oil temperature and the bearing tile temperature of the sliding bearing under different working conditions were obtained. And the wear of bearing bush under various working conditions. The results show that the eccentricity and the ratio of width to diameter have different influence on the static and dynamic characteristics of the bearing and will affect the stability of the bearing-rotor system. Therefore, the influence of eccentricity and width to diameter ratio must be taken into account when designing sliding bearing structure. Under the same conditions, the effect of viscosity temperature on the static performance of bearing is obvious. In the design of bearings, especially at high speed, the influence of temperature should not be ignored. The APSO optimized marine motor sliding bearing is tested, and its temperature rise is stable, which verifies the rationality and correctness of the designed bearing.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湘潭大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：U665.11;TH133.31

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