【摘要】：葉輪機(jī)械內(nèi)部三維流場(chǎng)的非定常流動(dòng)機(jī)理及控制是學(xué)科研究熱點(diǎn)問(wèn)題之一,雙向軸流泵作為兼顧排澇和灌溉的低揚(yáng)程泵站的主要“心臟”部件,多為采用傳統(tǒng)二元方法設(shè)計(jì)的S型葉片,存在正、反向運(yùn)行條件不同時(shí)能效較低的缺陷,反向時(shí)由于導(dǎo)葉起正預(yù)旋作用,且無(wú)后置導(dǎo)葉整流,其內(nèi)流結(jié)構(gòu)中的逆壓梯度變化、附面層分離、大尺度回流等特殊復(fù)雜流動(dòng)制約了綜合性能的提升,論文采用理論分析、數(shù)值模擬與試驗(yàn)相結(jié)合的方法,圍繞非對(duì)稱(chēng)翼型雙向軸流泵的優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)、內(nèi)流機(jī)理及主/被動(dòng)流動(dòng)控制技術(shù)、壓力脈動(dòng)特性等方面內(nèi)容開(kāi)展研究,取得如下成果：(1)基于保角變換法提出了一種低拱度圓弧翼型雙向葉片設(shè)計(jì)方法,通過(guò)儒可夫斯基變換建立低拱度圓弧翼型正反向速度環(huán)量、理論揚(yáng)程的關(guān)系,通過(guò)改變?nèi)~柵幾何參數(shù)分配正反向性能,同時(shí)基于升力法設(shè)計(jì)常規(guī)S翼型雙向軸流泵開(kāi)展對(duì)比研究,系統(tǒng)對(duì)比了兩種翼型葉片雙向軸流泵的時(shí)均流場(chǎng)和壓力脈動(dòng)特性,通過(guò)在葉片、導(dǎo)葉表面網(wǎng)格上創(chuàng)建微小網(wǎng)格單元并監(jiān)測(cè)其平均壓力研究了S翼型雙向軸流泵正反向運(yùn)行時(shí)葉片、導(dǎo)葉表面的壓力脈動(dòng)變化規(guī)律,對(duì)比了正反向馬鞍區(qū)流動(dòng)特性及葉頂間隙流動(dòng)特性,開(kāi)展兩個(gè)模型正反向不同安放角下的實(shí)驗(yàn)研究。結(jié)果顯示,圓弧翼型葉片吸力面尾緣附近流體質(zhì)點(diǎn)的徑向運(yùn)動(dòng)較小,進(jìn)出口邊脈動(dòng)幅值更低,正反向效率較S翼型模型分別高3.5%和1.3%；葉片表面壓力脈動(dòng)主要受導(dǎo)葉葉片數(shù)影響,主頻為導(dǎo)葉通過(guò)頻率,導(dǎo)葉表面壓力脈動(dòng)的主頻為葉片轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)頻率；小流量下,正向時(shí)在1～2、4～5倍轉(zhuǎn)頻,反向時(shí)在0～2倍轉(zhuǎn)頻出現(xiàn)了較強(qiáng)的低頻脈動(dòng)。(2)開(kāi)展雙向軸流泵導(dǎo)葉改型設(shè)計(jì)研究,建立了彎導(dǎo)葉雙向軸流泵反向運(yùn)行內(nèi)流場(chǎng)流動(dòng)模型,引入直導(dǎo)葉以降低反向時(shí)葉片吸力面大沖角入流,基于Q等值面法研究了直導(dǎo)葉內(nèi)的旋渦結(jié)構(gòu)及其非定常演變規(guī)律,通過(guò)改變翼型降低流動(dòng)分離強(qiáng)度；分析了導(dǎo)葉一彎管相對(duì)位置變化對(duì)流場(chǎng)結(jié)構(gòu)及性能的影響規(guī)律。結(jié)果表明,直導(dǎo)葉可消除反向時(shí)葉片前的正預(yù)旋,后置直導(dǎo)葉內(nèi)主要流動(dòng)損失由吸力面附面層分離及脫落渦引起,合理選擇翼型可以降低流動(dòng)分離強(qiáng)度；彎管會(huì)破壞上游流場(chǎng)的軸對(duì)稱(chēng)分布,改變導(dǎo)葉各葉片的沖角。(3)構(gòu)建了同時(shí)包含葉片、流道幾何參數(shù)的軸流泵(風(fēng)機(jī))參數(shù)化優(yōu)化平臺(tái),改進(jìn)現(xiàn)有軸流葉片優(yōu)化方法,提出一種包含實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)和速度梯度算法的軸流式葉片組合優(yōu)化方法,基于最優(yōu)拉丁超立方方法及序列二次規(guī)劃算法分別對(duì)葉片、流道進(jìn)行優(yōu)化,通過(guò)增大空間步長(zhǎng)加速收斂。較常規(guī)直接采用實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)或序列二次規(guī)劃算法優(yōu)化正向效率分別提高了3.07%和0.87%,采用擴(kuò)散管減小了流道徑向壓差和流體周向旋轉(zhuǎn)速度,對(duì)葉片和流道優(yōu)化后正向效率較原模型分別提高了2.02%和2%。
[Abstract]:The unsteady flow mechanism and control of three-dimensional flow field in turbomachinery is one of the hot topics in academic research. Two-way axial flow pump is the main "heart" component of low lift pump station which takes both drainage and irrigation into account. Most of the S-type blades designed by traditional binary method have the defects of low energy efficiency in both positive and reverse operation conditions. In reverse, due to the prerotation of the guide vane and no rectification of the rear guide vane, the reverse pressure gradient changes in the internal flow structure. Special complex flow such as boundary layer separation and large scale reflux restrict the improvement of comprehensive performance. This paper uses the method of theoretical analysis, numerical simulation and test to optimize the design of asymmetric airfoil bidirectional axial flow pump. The internal flow mechanism, active / passive flow control technology, pressure fluctuation characteristics and so on are studied. The results are as follows: (1) based on the conformal transformation method, a design method for low arch circular arc airfoils is proposed. The relationship between forward and inverse velocity loop and theoretical head of low arch circular arc airfoil is established by means of Jokovsky transform. By changing the geometric parameters of cascade, the positive and negative performance is assigned. At the same time, based on the lifting method, the design of conventional S airfoil bidirectional axial flow pump is compared, and the time-averaged flow field and pressure pulsation characteristics of two kinds of airfoil bi-directional axial flow pumps are systematically compared, and the flow field and pressure pulsation characteristics of two kinds of airfoil bi-directional axial flow pumps are compared. A micro mesh cell was created on the surface of the guide vane and its average pressure was monitored. The variation of pressure fluctuation on the surface of the guide vane during the forward and backward operation of the S airfoil bidirectional axial flow pump was studied. The flow characteristics of the positive and backward saddle region and the tip clearance flow characteristics were compared. The experimental study of the two models was carried out under different forward and backward placement angles. The results show that the radial motion of fluid particles near the trailing edge of suction surface of circular arc airfoil is smaller, the pulsation amplitude of inlet and outlet edge is lower, and the positive and negative efficiency is 3.5% and 1.3% higher than that of S airfoil model, respectively. The pressure pulsation on the surface of the blade is mainly affected by the number of pieces of the guide blade, the main frequency is the passage frequency of the guide vane, the main frequency of the pressure pulsation on the surface of the guide vane is the rotating frequency of the blade; In reverse, a strong low frequency pulsation occurs at 0 ~ 2 times of rotation frequency. (2) the design of guide vane of bidirectional axial flow pump is studied, and the flow model of flow field in reverse operation of bending-guide vane bidirectional axial flow pump is established. In order to reduce the inlet flow of suction surface, the vortex structure and its unsteady evolution in the blade are studied based on the Q iso-surface method, and the flow separation strength is reduced by changing the airfoil. The influence of the relative position of the guide vane-elbow on the structure and performance of the flow field is analyzed. The results show that the direct guide vane can eliminate the positive prerotation in the front of the blade and the main flow loss is caused by the separation of the suction boundary layer and the shedding vortex. The reasonable selection of the airfoil can reduce the flow separation strength. The curved pipe will destroy the axial symmetrical distribution of the upstream flow field and change the angle of attack of the blades. (3) the parametric optimization platform of axial flow pump (fan) including the geometric parameters of blade and passage is constructed to improve the existing optimization method of axial flow blade. An axial flow blade combination optimization method including experimental design and velocity gradient algorithm is proposed. The blade and channel are optimized based on the optimal Latin hypercube method and sequential quadratic programming algorithm. The convergence is accelerated by increasing the space step size. Compared with the conventional direct experimental design or sequential quadratic programming algorithm, the forward efficiency is increased by 3.07% and 0.87%, respectively, and the radial pressure difference and the circumferential rotation velocity of the fluid are reduced by using the diffusion tube. Compared with the original model, the forward efficiency of blade and channel optimization is increased by 2.02% and 2% respectively.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TH312

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