【摘要】：風電齒輪箱是風力發(fā)電機組的核心部件,而行星齒輪傳動系統(tǒng)是風電齒輪箱的重要組成部分,其故障率高且難以識別。目前,風電齒輪箱的振動機理及故障機理尚未清楚,利用行星輪多級齒輪傳動系統(tǒng)實驗臺模擬風電齒輪傳動系統(tǒng),研究行星輪多級齒輪傳動系統(tǒng)的非線性動力學振動特性、耦合特性及故障特性,為多級齒輪傳動系統(tǒng)及風電齒輪箱的在線檢測及故障診斷提供理論依據(jù)。本論文將采用數(shù)值仿真與實驗分析相結合的方法,針對兩級定軸齒輪+一級行星輪的行星輪多級齒輪傳動系統(tǒng)進行非線性動力學特性、耦合特性及故障振動特性分析。主要研究內(nèi)容采用集中質量法分別建立單級定軸齒輪、兩級定軸齒輪、行星齒輪傳動系統(tǒng)及行星輪多級齒輪傳動系統(tǒng)的扭轉動力學模型。對四種系統(tǒng)的模型進行無量綱化處理,得到各系統(tǒng)的非線性動力學微分方程。對正常狀態(tài)下四種系統(tǒng)的非線性動力學微分方程進行求解,得到各系統(tǒng)的非線性動力學特性。對比單級齒輪與兩級齒輪、兩級齒輪與行星輪多級齒輪傳動系統(tǒng)的動力學特性,研究兩級及多級齒輪系統(tǒng)的動力學耦合特性及動態(tài)關聯(lián)特性,研究發(fā)現(xiàn)多級系統(tǒng)的耦合特性使得一級突跳點減少,而動態(tài)關聯(lián)特性將行星輪的混沌引入定軸。通過時變嚙合剛度模型模擬齒輪裂紋及斷齒故障,并利用綜合嚙合誤差模擬齒輪磨損故障。分析定軸裂紋、行星輪斷齒、磨損三種單一故障下各系統(tǒng)的故障特性,及定軸裂紋與行星輪斷齒、定軸裂紋與行星輪磨損兩種耦合故障下行星輪多級齒輪傳動系統(tǒng)的故障特性。對比同種故障在不同系統(tǒng)中的動態(tài)特性變化,總結各類故障的故障特性及故障耦合特性,找出行星輪多級齒輪傳動系統(tǒng)的故障頻率特征及連帶頻率特征。通過連帶頻率特征識別出實驗信號中的未知峰值成因,并依據(jù)連帶頻率特征識別出實驗臺故障。對行星輪多級齒輪傳動系統(tǒng)進行穩(wěn)定性分析,得到系統(tǒng)穩(wěn)定性隨間隙的變化過程。針對系統(tǒng)出現(xiàn)的亞諧共振狀態(tài),研究亞諧共振發(fā)生的區(qū)間及影響亞諧共振的參數(shù),考察單一故障及耦合故障對系統(tǒng)亞諧共振及穩(wěn)定性的影響。研究表明定軸裂紋及磨損故障對系統(tǒng)穩(wěn)定性的影響較大,行星輪斷齒對系統(tǒng)穩(wěn)定性影響不大,而三者的耦合使得系統(tǒng)可能通過極限環(huán)破裂失穩(wěn)進入混沌。
[Abstract]:The wind power gearbox is the core part of the wind turbine, and the planetary gear transmission system is an important part of the wind power gearbox, which has high failure rate and is difficult to identify. At present, the vibration mechanism and fault mechanism of the wind power gear box are not clear. The nonlinear dynamic vibration characteristics of the planetary gear multistage gear transmission system are studied by simulating the wind power gear transmission system with the planetary gear multistage gear transmission system test bench. Coupling characteristics and fault characteristics provide theoretical basis for on-line detection and fault diagnosis of multistage gear transmission system and wind power gearbox. In this paper, the nonlinear dynamic characteristics, coupling characteristics and fault vibration characteristics of the multi-stage planetary gear drive system with two stage fixed axis gear are analyzed by combining numerical simulation and experimental analysis. The torsional dynamics models of single stage fixed axis gear, two stage fixed axis gear, planetary gear transmission system and planetary gear multistage gear transmission system were established by the method of concentrated mass. The models of four systems are dimensionless and the nonlinear dynamic differential equations of each system are obtained. The nonlinear dynamic differential equations of four kinds of systems under normal conditions are solved and the nonlinear dynamic characteristics of each system are obtained. By comparing the dynamic characteristics of single-stage gear and two-stage gear, two-stage gear and planetary gear multi-stage gear transmission system, the dynamic coupling characteristics and dynamic correlation characteristics of two-stage and multi-stage gear system are studied. It is found that the coupling characteristics of the multistage system reduce the first-order jump points, while the dynamic correlation characteristic leads the planetary gear chaos to the fixed axis. The gear crack and tooth break fault are simulated by time-varying meshing stiffness model, and the gear wear fault is simulated by comprehensive meshing error. The fault characteristics of each system under three kinds of single faults, namely fixed axis crack, planet gear broken tooth and wear, are analyzed. The fault characteristics of the two coupling faults of fixed axis crack and planet gear broken tooth, fixed axis crack and planetary wheel wear are analyzed. By comparing the dynamic characteristics of the same fault in different systems, the fault characteristics and fault coupling characteristics of various kinds of faults are summarized, and the fault frequency characteristics and associated frequency characteristics of planetary gear multistage gear transmission system are found out. The cause of unknown peak value in the experimental signal is identified by associated frequency feature, and the fault of the test station is identified according to the associated frequency feature. The stability of planetary gear multistage gear transmission system is analyzed and the process of system stability varying with clearance is obtained. In view of the subharmonic resonance state of the system, the interval of the subharmonic resonance and the parameters affecting the subharmonic resonance are studied, and the influence of single fault and coupling fault on the subharmonic resonance and stability of the system is investigated. The results show that the fixed axis crack and wear fault have great influence on the stability of the system, and the planetary gear broken teeth have little effect on the stability of the system, and the coupling of the three factors may lead the system to chaos through the rupture of limit cycle.
【學位授予單位】：天津工業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：TM315;TH132.41

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