【摘要】：多軸齒輪組裝式離心壓縮機(jī)是能源、石化等領(lǐng)域發(fā)展的前沿重大機(jī)械裝備,轉(zhuǎn)子系統(tǒng)作為多軸齒輪組裝式離心壓縮機(jī)的核心部件,是由多個轉(zhuǎn)子通過齒輪嚙合而成,且長期高負(fù)荷運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)在臨界轉(zhuǎn)速以上,轉(zhuǎn)子系統(tǒng)動力特性更為復(fù)雜,軸承和齒輪非線性特性對機(jī)組工作性能影響非常明顯。據(jù)統(tǒng)計,我國能源和石油石化行業(yè)中運(yùn)行的大型離心式壓縮機(jī)組發(fā)生的事故以轉(zhuǎn)子故障最多,普遍表現(xiàn)為轉(zhuǎn)子振動過大、轉(zhuǎn)子振動導(dǎo)致的結(jié)構(gòu)損傷時常發(fā)生等。長期以來,壓縮機(jī)制造行業(yè)對此類轉(zhuǎn)子系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行動力學(xué)設(shè)計時,仍沿用各個轉(zhuǎn)子單獨設(shè)計的方法,致使某些機(jī)器在工作中經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)嚴(yán)重的異常振動,嚴(yán)重時影響生產(chǎn)甚至造成重大經(jīng)濟(jì)損失。因此,開展對多軸齒輪組裝式離心壓縮機(jī)的齒輪耦合多轉(zhuǎn)子-軸承系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行理論研究,掌握其動力學(xué)特性及其非線性特性與振動規(guī)律十分必要。本文在國家重點基礎(chǔ)研究項目(973項目)“高端壓縮機(jī)組高效可靠及智能化基礎(chǔ)研究”(編號：2012CB026000)課題5“壓縮機(jī)組復(fù)雜系統(tǒng)振動故障機(jī)理及智能聯(lián)鎖保護(hù)原理與方法”的支持下,以某型號五軸齒輪組裝式離心壓縮機(jī)為對象,開展多軸齒輪組裝式離心壓縮機(jī)的齒輪耦合多轉(zhuǎn)子-軸承系統(tǒng)的動力學(xué)特性及其軸承、齒輪和負(fù)載等非線性影響規(guī)律的理論研究并進(jìn)行數(shù)值模擬和模型試驗驗證。主要內(nèi)容如下：采用線性時不變的齒輪嚙合模型,提出了基于有限元法的齒輪耦合軸承轉(zhuǎn)子系統(tǒng)動力學(xué)線性模型建立方法；根據(jù)幾何畸變的相似設(shè)計方法研制了五軸齒輪組裝式離心壓縮機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)子系統(tǒng)的縮尺模型試驗臺,通過對比確認(rèn)了縮尺模型的有效性；獲得該試驗臺轉(zhuǎn)子系統(tǒng)的固有特性及不平衡下的振動響應(yīng)計算方法,重點研究了不平衡對齒輪耦合轉(zhuǎn)子系統(tǒng)的徑向振動、軸向振動和嚙合力的影響規(guī)律,利用五軸齒式壓縮機(jī)動力學(xué)特性模擬實驗臺實驗結(jié)果對計算結(jié)果進(jìn)行了驗證�；诹黧wReynolds方程,在軸頸的靜平衡假設(shè)基礎(chǔ)上,研究了在不同負(fù)載下油膜徑向軸承以及油膜推力軸承的動力學(xué)參數(shù)變化規(guī)律,建立了試驗臺軸承剛度與阻尼系數(shù)數(shù)據(jù)庫；基于建立的數(shù)據(jù)庫實現(xiàn)了考慮非線性油膜力的齒輪耦合轉(zhuǎn)子系統(tǒng)動力學(xué)特性的快速計算方法,獲得了考慮油膜非線性影響下負(fù)荷變化對齒輪耦合轉(zhuǎn)子系統(tǒng)動力學(xué)特性的影響規(guī)律,對多軸齒輪組裝式離心壓縮機(jī)實際運(yùn)行中的“臨界負(fù)荷”現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行了解釋,提出了“臨界負(fù)荷”的確定方法。引入非線性時不變的齒輪嚙合模型,建立了考慮齒輪非線性嚙合特性的多軸離心壓縮機(jī)齒輪耦合轉(zhuǎn)子系統(tǒng)整體有限元模型,實現(xiàn)了五軸齒輪組裝式壓縮機(jī)多點嚙合多平行軸轉(zhuǎn)子系統(tǒng)動力學(xué)與非線性振動的高精度仿真；從齒輪嚙合力變化規(guī)律入手,系統(tǒng)的研究了齒輪剛度激勵、齒輪間隙激勵、齒輪傳遞誤差激勵以及轉(zhuǎn)子系統(tǒng)負(fù)載等因素對轉(zhuǎn)子系統(tǒng)齒輪嚙合力的影響規(guī)律,進(jìn)而獲得了轉(zhuǎn)子系統(tǒng)的振動規(guī)律,并利用試驗臺測試結(jié)果對計算結(jié)果進(jìn)行了驗證。本文的研究內(nèi)容和結(jié)論可為多軸齒輪組裝式離心壓縮機(jī)組的動態(tài)優(yōu)化設(shè)計、故障監(jiān)測與診斷提供理論支撐。
[Abstract]:The multi axis gear assembly centrifugal compressor is the leading important mechanical equipment in the energy and petrochemical fields. The rotor system is the core component of the multi axis gear assembly centrifugal compressor. It is formed by the meshing of a number of rotors through the gear, and the rotor system has more complex dynamic characteristics, and the rotor system has more complex dynamic characteristics, and the rotor system is more complex. And the nonlinear characteristic of gear has a very obvious influence on the working performance of the unit. According to statistics, the accidents of the large centrifugal compressor set in the energy and petroleum and petrochemical industry in our country are most caused by the rotor failure, which generally shows that the rotor vibration is too large and the structural damage caused by the vibration of the rotor often occurs. When the dynamic design of this kind of rotor system is carried out, the separate design method of each rotor is still used, so that some machines often have serious abnormal vibration in the work, which seriously affect production and even cause significant economic loss. Therefore, the gear coupling multi rotor bearing system for multi axle gear assembly centrifugal compressor is carried out. It is necessary to carry out theoretical research and grasp its dynamic characteristics, nonlinear characteristics and vibration laws. In this paper, the basic research project of the National Key Basic Research (973 project) "high efficiency reliable and intelligent basic research on high end compressor" (number: 2012CB026000) topic 5 "the vibration fault mechanism of the complex system of compressor group and the intelligent interlocking protection Under the support of the principle and method, the dynamic characteristics of the gear coupling multi rotor bearing system of a multi axle gear assembly centrifugal compressor and the nonlinear influence laws of bearing, gear and load are carried out with a certain type of five axle gear assembled centrifugal compressor as the object. The following contents are as follows: using the linear time invariant gear meshing model, the method of establishing the dynamic linear model of the gear coupling rotor system based on the finite element method is put forward, and the scale model test rig of the five axis gear assembly centrifugal compressor rotor system is developed according to the similarity design method of geometric distortion, and it is confirmed by comparison. The validity of the scale model is obtained. The inherent characteristics of the rotor system and the calculation method of vibration response under the unbalance are obtained. The influence of the imbalance on the radial vibration, the axial vibration and the rodent force of the gear coupling rotor system is studied, and the experimental results of the experimental bench are simulated by the dynamic characteristics of the five axis tooth compressor. The calculation results are verified. Based on the fluid Reynolds equation, based on the static equilibrium hypothesis of the journal, the dynamic parameters of the oil film radial bearing and the oil film thrust bearing are studied under different loads. The database of the bearing stiffness and damping coefficient of the test rig is established, and the nonlinear oil is considered based on the established database. A fast calculation method for dynamic characteristics of a gear coupled rotor system with a membrane force is obtained. The influence of load variation on the dynamic characteristics of a gear coupling rotor system under the influence of oil film nonlinearity is obtained. The "critical load" phenomenon in the actual operation of a multi axle gear assembly centrifugal compressor is explained, and the critical negative effect is proposed. The nonlinear time invariant gear meshing model is introduced. The finite element model of the multi axis centrifugal compressor gear coupling rotor system is established, which takes the nonlinear meshing characteristics of the gear into consideration. The high precision imitation of the dynamic and nonlinear vibration of the multi point meshing multi parallel shaft rotor system of the five axis gear assembly compressor is realized. The law of the influence of gear stiffness, gear clearance, gear transmission error and rotor system load on the gear meshing force of the rotor system is studied systematically, and the vibration law of the rotor system is obtained, and the result of the calculation is carried out by the test result of the test rig. The research contents and conclusions of this paper can provide theoretical support for dynamic optimization design, fault monitoring and diagnosis of multi axis gear assembly centrifugal compressor units.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：大連理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：TH452

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