本文選題：工程變更 + 本體　； 參考：《山東大學(xué)》2015年博士論文

【摘要】：制造企業(yè)在產(chǎn)品設(shè)計(jì)和制造過(guò)程中,不可避免地出現(xiàn)大量工程變更。多數(shù)企業(yè)對(duì)已完成的變更沒(méi)有很好地利用,對(duì)變更的影響分析大都依靠人的經(jīng)驗(yàn)完成,處理效率較低,分析結(jié)果不全面,致使變更決策失誤或后續(xù)變更執(zhí)行不到位。本文創(chuàng)建了工程變更案例知識(shí)的本體,提出了相似變更案例的檢索策略和算法,從變更影響范圍和影響程度綜合分析變更影響,提出了基于產(chǎn)品結(jié)構(gòu)關(guān)聯(lián)、功能關(guān)聯(lián)和外部因素關(guān)聯(lián)的變更影響范圍分析方法,構(gòu)建了基于成本、時(shí)間、效益和風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的變更影響程度評(píng)價(jià)體系。本文的研究成果必將為提升企業(yè)變更分析的能力和效率,增強(qiáng)企業(yè)市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力起到積極的理論指導(dǎo)和應(yīng)用推動(dòng)作用。提出了利用本體實(shí)現(xiàn)變更案例表示的方法,結(jié)合變更案例知識(shí)特點(diǎn),將其抽象為變更對(duì)象、變更流程、變更數(shù)據(jù)和變更組織四類基本概念,建立了概念體系,定義了概念屬性和概念間關(guān)聯(lián)關(guān)系。實(shí)現(xiàn)了變更案例的統(tǒng)一表示,滿足了變更管理者對(duì)案例重用的基本要求,為案例檢索和影響分析奠定了基礎(chǔ)。提出了變更案例的檢索策略,建立了基于本體的語(yǔ)義相似度改進(jìn)計(jì)算模型。通過(guò)案例標(biāo)引,將檢索轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)闄z索需求與變更案例標(biāo)引的匹配,提高了檢索效率。在對(duì)檢索需求進(jìn)行概念擴(kuò)展和約束關(guān)系定義后,選擇向量空間模型作為檢索模型,在計(jì)算概念的屬性相似度基礎(chǔ)上結(jié)合概念自身的相似度獲得變更案例與檢索需求的綜合相似度值,保證最大程度上把握用戶檢索需求,更快速準(zhǔn)確地提供相似變更案例,提高用戶分析變更的效率和質(zhì)量。提出了基于本體的工程變更影響范圍分析方法和實(shí)現(xiàn)策略。在研究變更傳播機(jī)制的基礎(chǔ)上,分別從產(chǎn)品零部件間的結(jié)構(gòu)關(guān)聯(lián)、功能關(guān)聯(lián)和其他外部因素三方面分析變更影響范圍,基于本體的圖模型搜索算法,確定變更影響到的產(chǎn)品/零部件對(duì)象、圖文檔等數(shù)據(jù)、相關(guān)責(zé)任人及過(guò)程/活動(dòng),為進(jìn)一步進(jìn)行變更影響程度分析、變更決策及保證變更實(shí)施的全面性和一致性奠定基礎(chǔ)。創(chuàng)建了工程變更影響程度評(píng)價(jià)體系。構(gòu)建了變更成本、變更時(shí)間、變更效益和變更風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)體系,提出了指標(biāo)值的獲取方式和計(jì)算方法以及變更影響程度的綜合評(píng)價(jià)原則。變更管理者可針對(duì)不同類型的變更活動(dòng)篩選細(xì)化評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo),從所關(guān)注的角度對(duì)變更實(shí)施進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià),實(shí)現(xiàn)變更實(shí)施的事前預(yù)測(cè),為變更決策提供依據(jù)。在上述理論和方法研究的基礎(chǔ)上,設(shè)計(jì)實(shí)現(xiàn)了工程變更影響分析系統(tǒng)。該系統(tǒng)基于PLM系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)開(kāi)發(fā),實(shí)現(xiàn)了變更案例、設(shè)計(jì)知識(shí)和相關(guān)領(lǐng)域知識(shí)的檢索,基于本體的變更影響范圍分析,基于成本、時(shí)間、效益、風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的變更影響程度分析,并以汽車的零部件變更為例進(jìn)行了應(yīng)用驗(yàn)證。
[Abstract]:In the process of product design and manufacturing, a large number of engineering changes inevitably occur in manufacturing enterprises. Most enterprises do not make good use of the completed changes, the impact analysis of the changes mostly depends on the human experience, the processing efficiency is low, the analysis results are not comprehensive, resulting in the error of the change decision-making or the implementation of the subsequent changes is not in place. In this paper, the ontology of engineering change case knowledge is established, and the retrieval strategy and algorithm of similar change case are put forward. Based on the analysis of the scope of influence of change based on the correlation of function and external factors, the evaluation system of change influence degree based on cost, time, benefit and risk is constructed. The research results of this paper will play a positive role in theory guidance and application for improving the ability and efficiency of enterprise change analysis and enhancing the market competitiveness of enterprises. In this paper, a method of realizing change case representation by ontology is put forward. According to the characteristics of change case knowledge, it is abstracted into four basic concepts: change object, change process, change data and change organization. The relationship between conceptual attributes and concepts is defined. It realizes the unified representation of change cases, meets the basic requirements of case reuse by change managers, and lays a foundation for case retrieval and impact analysis. The retrieval strategy of change case is proposed, and the improved semantic similarity calculation model based on ontology is established. Through the case indexing, the retrieval is transformed into the matching between the retrieval requirement and the change case indexing, and the retrieval efficiency is improved. After extending the concept and defining the constraint relation, the vector space model is selected as the retrieval model. On the basis of calculating the attribute similarity of the concept, combining the similarity of the concept itself to obtain the comprehensive similarity value between the change case and the retrieval requirement, it ensures that the user's retrieval needs are grasped to the greatest extent, and provides the similar change case more quickly and accurately. Improve the efficiency and quality of user analysis of changes. The analysis method and implementation strategy of the influence range of engineering change based on ontology are put forward. On the basis of studying the mechanism of change propagation, this paper analyzes the scope of influence of change from three aspects: structural association, functional association and other external factors, and the graph model search algorithm based on ontology. To determine the product / parts objects, drawings and documents, related responsible persons and process / activities, which will lay the foundation for further analysis of change impact degree, change decision and ensure the comprehensiveness and consistency of change implementation. The evaluation system of influence degree of engineering change is established. The evaluation index system of change cost, change time, change benefit and change risk is constructed, and the method of obtaining index value and calculating method and the comprehensive evaluation principle of change influence degree are put forward. The change manager can screen and refine the evaluation index according to different types of change activities, evaluate the change implementation from the point of view of concern, realize the prior prediction of the change implementation, and provide the basis for the change decision. On the basis of the above theory and method research, the project change impact analysis system is designed and implemented. The system is designed and developed on the basis of PLM system. It realizes the retrieval of change case, design knowledge and related domain knowledge, the analysis of change influence range based on ontology, the analysis of change influence degree based on cost, time, benefit and risk. The application verification of automobile parts change is carried out.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TH186

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