本文選題：離心壓縮機(jī)　切入點：反轉(zhuǎn)　出處：《上海交通大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：當(dāng)前隨著設(shè)計、制造技術(shù)的進(jìn)步,在節(jié)能減排的要求下,離心式壓縮機(jī)向著大型化、高壓比的趨勢發(fā)展。大型多級離心壓縮機(jī)組的運行必然會出現(xiàn)新的系統(tǒng)運行問題,如系統(tǒng)調(diào)控、轉(zhuǎn)子動力學(xué)、流動部件匹配和機(jī)組啟動、停機(jī)控制等。由于大型流動系統(tǒng)中,流動管道多、容器大,系統(tǒng)慣性大,一般難以在短時間內(nèi)進(jìn)行流動參數(shù)的調(diào)節(jié)。在實際生產(chǎn)運行過程中,由于工藝的需要,流動系統(tǒng)中往往儲存著大量高壓氣體。一旦出現(xiàn)斷電情況,壓縮機(jī)組會因失去驅(qū)動力而停機(jī)。在這種情況下,壓縮機(jī)組出口段的氣體壓力會因為遠(yuǎn)大于進(jìn)口段的壓力,而從機(jī)組的出口段通過壓縮內(nèi)部流向入口段,產(chǎn)生系統(tǒng)逆流。氣體的逆向流動在壓縮機(jī)內(nèi)部會產(chǎn)生反向的轉(zhuǎn)動力矩,使機(jī)組轉(zhuǎn)速迅速下降,在該轉(zhuǎn)動力矩克服轉(zhuǎn)子的慣性力矩與氣動阻力矩后,會進(jìn)一步發(fā)生轉(zhuǎn)子反轉(zhuǎn)現(xiàn)象。壓縮機(jī)組的反轉(zhuǎn)會破壞軸承和級間密封,嚴(yán)重影響企業(yè)的正常生產(chǎn)秩序。因此,有必要對現(xiàn)有大型機(jī)組進(jìn)行反轉(zhuǎn)研究,提出有效的防反轉(zhuǎn)策略。針對實際企業(yè)發(fā)生的反轉(zhuǎn)事故,本文對離心壓縮系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行了簡化,建立離心風(fēng)機(jī)單轉(zhuǎn)子流動壓縮系統(tǒng)。該系統(tǒng)包括管道進(jìn)出口閥門、出口氣罐等。實驗測試基于LABVIEW軟件建立多通道實時數(shù)據(jù)采集系統(tǒng),可以得到離心風(fēng)機(jī)前后管道壓力、流量與轉(zhuǎn)速。實驗研究了風(fēng)機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)子在惰走情況下氣動和摩擦阻力對轉(zhuǎn)速的影響,建立了考慮工質(zhì)氣動力矩、軸承摩擦力矩的轉(zhuǎn)子轉(zhuǎn)速變化模型。對實驗轉(zhuǎn)速與根據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)子轉(zhuǎn)速變化模型的到的計算轉(zhuǎn)速進(jìn)行對比,驗證了轉(zhuǎn)子轉(zhuǎn)速變化模型的準(zhǔn)確性。對離心葉輪的結(jié)構(gòu)分步進(jìn)行簡化得到轉(zhuǎn)動慣量的表達(dá)式,根據(jù)簡化固定容器的充放氣模型得到逆流流量的變化規(guī)律,并分析了逆流閥門的調(diào)節(jié)對逆流流動特性的影響。對比相同轉(zhuǎn)速變化范圍內(nèi),正反轉(zhuǎn)情況下作用于轉(zhuǎn)子的扭矩、功率規(guī)律,說明反轉(zhuǎn)對離心轉(zhuǎn)子破壞的可能性加大。根據(jù)離心風(fēng)機(jī)單轉(zhuǎn)子實驗和理論分析結(jié)果,對某石化企業(yè)的乙烯裝置裂解氣離心壓縮機(jī)組發(fā)生反轉(zhuǎn)情況下各段進(jìn)出口流動參數(shù)進(jìn)行了分析,結(jié)合流動壓縮系統(tǒng)模型建立了由多級離心葉輪轉(zhuǎn)動慣量、初始轉(zhuǎn)速和防喘閥開度影響下的逆流驅(qū)動轉(zhuǎn)子轉(zhuǎn)速變化模型。將該模型應(yīng)用于實際大型多級離心壓縮機(jī)組的轉(zhuǎn)子反轉(zhuǎn)動力學(xué)分析中,可以得到抑制其反轉(zhuǎn)的運轉(zhuǎn)參數(shù)。本文所建立的理論模型可以通過實驗結(jié)果和運行數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行驗證,可為大型離心壓縮機(jī)的防反轉(zhuǎn)提供策略。
[Abstract]:At present, with the development of design and manufacturing technology, under the requirement of energy saving and emission reduction, the centrifugal compressor is developing towards a large scale and high pressure ratio. Such as system control, rotor dynamics, flow component matching, unit start-up, shutdown control, etc. In large flow systems, there are many flowing pipes, large containers, and large inertia of the system. Generally, it is difficult to adjust the flow parameters in a short period of time. In the actual operation process, due to the need of the process, a large number of high pressure gases are often stored in the flow system. The compressor unit will be shut down because of the loss of driving force. In this case, the gas pressure at the outlet section of the compressor unit will be much greater than the pressure in the inlet section, and the outlet section of the compressor unit will flow from the outlet section of the unit to the inlet section through the compression inside, The reverse flow of gas in the compressor will produce reverse rotation torque, which will cause the unit speed to drop rapidly. After the moment overcomes the inertia moment and aerodynamic resistance moment of the rotor, The reverse of the compressor unit will destroy the bearing and the seal between stages, which will seriously affect the normal production order of the enterprise. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out reverse research on the existing large units. An effective anti-inversion strategy is put forward. The centrifugal compression system is simplified and the single rotor flow compression system of centrifugal fan is established. The system includes pipeline inlet and outlet valve. The multi-channel real-time data acquisition system based on LABVIEW software can be established to obtain the pressure of the front and rear pipes of the centrifugal fan. The effects of aerodynamic and friction resistance on the speed of the fan rotor under the condition of idling walk are studied experimentally, and the aerodynamic moment of the fan rotor considering the working fluid is established. The rotor speed variation model of bearing friction torque. The comparison between the experimental speed and the calculated speed according to the rotor speed change model is carried out. The accuracy of rotor speed change model is verified. The formula of moment of inertia is obtained by simplifying the structure of centrifugal impeller, and the variation law of countercurrent flow is obtained according to the simplified gas filling and discharging model of fixed vessel. The effect of countercurrent valve regulation on countercurrent flow characteristics is analyzed. Compared with the torque and power law of rotor acting on the rotor under positive and reverse rotating speed in the same speed range, According to the results of single rotor experiment and theoretical analysis of centrifugal fan, In this paper, the inlet and outlet flow parameters of cracking gas centrifugal compressor unit in a petrochemical enterprise are analyzed, and the rotational inertia of multi-stage centrifugal impeller is established by combining with the flow compression system model. The rotor speed change model of countercurrent driven rotor under the influence of initial speed and the opening of anti-surge valve is applied to the rotor inversion dynamics analysis of large scale multi-stage centrifugal compressor unit. The theoretical model established in this paper can be verified by experimental results and operation data and can provide a strategy for anti-inversion of large centrifugal compressors.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TH452

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