可持續(xù)發(fā)展是一個(gè)概念,它在第二次世界戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)后逐漸地出現(xiàn),它首先出現(xiàn)在有意識(shí)的夢(mèng)想家的頭腦里,這些夢(mèng)想家的結(jié)論是地球已有成品尺寸且有限的資源,第二原因是20世紀(jì)的世界經(jīng)濟(jì)和人口增長(zhǎng)也帶來(lái)新的問(wèn)題:自然資源枯竭,全球變暖,荒漠化,化學(xué)事故,油輪,發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家和發(fā)展中國(guó)家的不平等加劇。這種意識(shí)逐漸蔓延在科學(xué),經(jīng)濟(jì)和政治世界,最終將在20世紀(jì)80年代初聯(lián)合國(guó)辦事處組織了一個(gè)重要的研究對(duì)象。可持續(xù)發(fā)展是“一種發(fā)展模式,能夠滿(mǎn)足當(dāng)前幾代人的需求,同時(shí)不損害后代人的能力”。所有的可持續(xù)發(fā)展定義要求我們把整個(gè)世界看成一個(gè)系統(tǒng),一個(gè)連接空間和連接時(shí)間的系統(tǒng)。當(dāng)你把世界看作是一個(gè)空間上的系統(tǒng),你慢慢要了解北美的空氣污染會(huì)影響亞洲的空氣質(zhì)量,而且在阿根廷噴灑的殺蟲(chóng)劑可能會(huì)損害澳大利亞海岸的魚(yú)類(lèi)種群。當(dāng)你把世界看作一個(gè)時(shí)間上的系統(tǒng)的,你開(kāi)始認(rèn)識(shí)到,我們的祖父母以前對(duì)于如何耕種的土地作出的決定仍能影響今天的農(nóng)業(yè)實(shí)踐;而且我們今天贊同的經(jīng)濟(jì)政策將會(huì)當(dāng)我們的孩子都是成年人時(shí),對(duì)城市貧困的影響�？沙掷m(xù)發(fā)展的概念植根于這種思想的系統(tǒng)整理。它可以幫我們了解自己和我們的世界。我們面臨的問(wèn)題復(fù)雜的,嚴(yán)肅的,我們不能以創(chuàng)造它們同樣的... 

【文章來(lái)源】：天津大學(xué)天津市 211工程院校 985工程院校 教育部直屬院校

【文章頁(yè)數(shù)】：175 頁(yè)

【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士

【文章目錄】：
中文摘要
ABSTRACT
TABLE OF CONTENT
Part 1: Introduction
    1. History of sustainability
        1.1. Origin of sustainable development
        1.2. Some important dates （not exhaustive）
    2. Stakes and objectives of the sustainable development
        2.1. An exceeded way of thinking
        2.2. Three components of sustainable development （the three pillars）
        2.3. Meet the needs of the present and the future generations
Part 3 Governance of the sustainable development
    3. Governance of the sustainable development
        3.1. World governance
            3.1.1. Stockholm 1972 : Declaration of the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment
            3.1.2. United Nations Conference on Environment and Development – Rio Earth Summit 1992
                3.1.2.1. Rio Declaration
            3.1.3. Johannesburg 2002
        3.2. Governance in States
            3.2.1. European strategy in support of sustainability
                3.2.1.1. Key objectives:
                3.2.1.2. Policy guiding principles:
                3.2.1.3. Making use of synergies between the EU SDS and the Lisbon Strategy for Growth and Jobs:
                3.2.1.4. Better policy-making
                3.2.1.5. Key challenges
                3.2.1.6. Cross cutting policies contributing to the knowledge society
                3.2.1.7. Financing and economic instruments
                3.2.1.8. Communication, mobilizing actors and multiplying success
                3.2.1.9. Implementation, monitoring and follow-up
            3.2.2. United States
                3.2.2.1. Definitions
                3.2.2.2. Green communities and the role of networks
                3.2.2.3. Smart Growth
                3.2.2.4. Background
                3.2.2.5. Smart Growth Principles
                3.2.2.6. Smart growth issues
            3.2.3. China climate change policy
                3.2.3.1. Foreword
                3.2.3.2. Strategies and Objectives for Addressing Climate Change
                3.2.3.3. Policies and Actions to Mitigate Climate Change
                3.2.3.4. Policies and Actions to Adapt to Climate Change
                3.2.3.5. Enhancing Public Awareness of Climate Change
                3.2.3.6. Enhancing International Cooperation on Climate Change
                3.2.3.7. Conclusion
        3.3. Governance on territories: Agenda 21
            3.3.1. Section I: Social and Economic Dimensions
                3.3.1.1. International cooperation to accelerate sustainable development in developing countries and related domestic policies
                3.3.1.2. Combating Poverty
                3.3.1.3. Changing Consumption Patterns
                3.3.1.4. Demographic Dynamics and Sustainability
                3.3.1.5. Protection and Promotion of Human Health
                3.3.1.6. Promoting Sustainable Human Settlement Development
                3.3.1.7. Integrating Environment and Development in Decision-making
            3.3.2. Section II Conservation and Management of Resources for Development
                3.3.2.1. Protection of the Atmosphere
                3.3.2.2. Integrated approach to the planning and management of land resources
                3.3.2.3. Combating deforestation
                3.3.2.4. Managing fragile ecosystems: sustainable mountain development
                3.3.2.5. Promoting sustainable agriculture and rural development
            3.3.3. Section III Strengthening the Role of the Major Groups
                3.3.3.1. Global action for women towards sustainable and equitable development
                3.3.3.2. Children and youth in sustainable development
                3.3.3.3. Recognizing and strengthening the role of indigenous people and their communities
                3.3.3.4. Strengthening the role of non-governmental organizations: partners for sustainable development
                3.3.3.5. Local authorities' initiatives in support of agenda 21
                3.3.3.6. Strengthening the role of workers and their trade unions
                3.3.3.7. Strengthening the role of business and industry
            3.3.4. Means of implementation
                3.3.4.1. Financial resources and mechanisms
                3.3.4.2. Transfer of environmentally sound technology, cooperation and capacity building
                3.3.4.3. Science for sustainable development
                3.3.4.4. Promoting Education, Public Awareness and Training
                3.3.4.5. National Mechanisms and International Cooperation for Capacity Building
                3.3.4.6. International Institutional Arrangements
                3.3.4.7. International Legal Instruments and Mechanisms
                3.3.4.8. Information for Decision-Making
Part 4 Conclusion
    4. Controversies on the sustainable development
        4.1. Is it clear what sustainable development means
        4.2. The problem of trade-offs
        4.3. The problem of Metrics
        4.4. Is there a problem with the state of the world
        4.5. Urgency, risk and opportunity
REFERENCES
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS



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