國際貿易、技術進步對中國制造業(yè)工資差距的影響研究
發(fā)布時間：2019-04-21 18:48
【摘要】：國際貿易的發(fā)展為我國帶來了先進技術，技術進步改變了各部門勞動生產率，，國內也出現了勞動者工資差距擴大的趨勢。本文以制造業(yè)為例，對我國勞動者工資差距擴大現象進行探討。進、出口貿易對制造業(yè)工資會產生何種影響？技術進步是提高還是降低了行業(yè)工資差距？同時，這些影響存在行業(yè)類型的區(qū)別嗎？為此，本文進行了如下研究： 首先，本文整理了1995-2010年我國制造業(yè)行業(yè)進出口貿易額、制造業(yè)大中型企業(yè)創(chuàng)新資本支出、制造業(yè)細分行業(yè)平均工資等數據，測算了制造業(yè)行業(yè)工資極值差、行業(yè)工資極值比、泰爾指數、基尼系數等工資差距指標，發(fā)現制造業(yè)行業(yè)工資差距在對外開放進程中總體呈擴大趨勢，但有所波動，基尼系數和泰爾指數的變化趨勢圖顯示：工資差距增長率在2002年以前呈上升趨勢，之后呈下降趨勢。 其次，本文參考李世光的綜合模型，將國際貿易、技術進步與工資差距放在一個理論模型中進行分析，得出結論如下：技術密集型產品進口及企業(yè)創(chuàng)新資本增加均導致我國高技能工人工資上升，低技能工人工資降低，拉大行業(yè)工資差距。 第三，本文基于制造業(yè)行業(yè)面板數據，并按照要素密集度不同將其分為勞動密集型和技術密集型部門，建立靜態(tài)面板數據模型和動態(tài)面板數據模型，分析進口貿易、出口貿易以及技術進步對我國制造業(yè)行業(yè)間工資差距的影響。實證分析結果表明： （1）進口貿易、技術進步將導致制造業(yè)行業(yè)對高技能工人需求增加，工資差距拉大；出口貿易則在一定程度上縮小我國制造業(yè)行業(yè)工資差距。 （2）進口貿易是引起勞動密集型部門工資差距拉大的主要原因；而技術進步是引起技術密集型部門工資差距拉大的主要原因；出口則降低兩部門內部的相對工資差距。 （3）企業(yè)創(chuàng)新資本的增加在短期中會拉大行業(yè)工資差距，但長期來看，會縮小工資差距增長率；企業(yè)參與國際貿易的程度與制造業(yè)行業(yè)工資差距成反比。 最后，針對以上研究內容和結論，本文提出相關政策建議。
[Abstract]:The development of international trade has brought the advanced technology to our country, the technological progress has changed the labor productivity of every department, and there has also been the trend of widening the wage gap of the labourers in our country. Taking the manufacturing industry as an example, this paper probes into the phenomenon of the widening wage gap of our country's labourers. What is the impact of import and export trade on manufacturing wages? Did technological progress increase or reduce the wage gap in the industry? At the same time, do these impacts differ between industry types? Therefore, this paper has carried on the following research: firstly, this article has collated our country manufacturing industry import and export trade volume from 1995 to 2010, manufacturing large and medium-sized enterprises innovation capital expenditure, the manufacturing industry breakdown industry average salary and so on data, and so on. This paper calculates the wage gap index of manufacturing industry, such as extreme wage difference, ratio of industry extreme value, Tyre index, Gini coefficient and so on. It is found that the wage gap in manufacturing industry generally shows an expanding trend in the process of opening to the outside world, but it fluctuates somewhat. Changes in the Gini coefficient and the Terre index show that wage gap growth rates rose before 2002 and then declined. Secondly, referring to Li Shiguang's comprehensive model, this paper analyzes international trade, technological progress and wage gap in a theoretical model. The conclusions are as follows: the import of technology-intensive products and the increase of enterprise innovation capital lead to higher wages of high-skilled workers, lower wages of low-skilled workers, and widen the wage gap in industries. Thirdly, based on the panel data of manufacturing industry, this paper divides it into labor-intensive and technology-intensive sectors according to the different degree of factor intensity, establishes static panel data model and dynamic panel data model, and analyzes import trade. The impact of export trade and technological progress on the wage gap between manufacturing industries in China. The results of empirical analysis show that: (1) the import trade, technological progress will lead to higher demand for high-skilled workers in the manufacturing industry, and the wage gap will widen, while the export trade will reduce the wage gap in China's manufacturing industry to a certain extent. (2) Import trade is the main cause of the widening wage gap in labor-intensive sectors, while technological progress is the main cause of the widening wage gap in technology-intensive sectors, while exports reduce the relative wage gap between the two sectors. (3) the increase of enterprise innovation capital will widen the wage gap in the short term, but in the long run, it will narrow the growth rate of the wage gap, and the degree of enterprises' participation in international trade is inversely proportional to the wage gap in the manufacturing industry. Finally, in view of the above research contents and conclusions, this paper puts forward relevant policy recommendations.
【學位授予單位】：寧波大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：F249.24;F752;F124.3
本文編號：2462460
[Abstract]:The development of international trade has brought the advanced technology to our country, the technological progress has changed the labor productivity of every department, and there has also been the trend of widening the wage gap of the labourers in our country. Taking the manufacturing industry as an example, this paper probes into the phenomenon of the widening wage gap of our country's labourers. What is the impact of import and export trade on manufacturing wages? Did technological progress increase or reduce the wage gap in the industry? At the same time, do these impacts differ between industry types? Therefore, this paper has carried on the following research: firstly, this article has collated our country manufacturing industry import and export trade volume from 1995 to 2010, manufacturing large and medium-sized enterprises innovation capital expenditure, the manufacturing industry breakdown industry average salary and so on data, and so on. This paper calculates the wage gap index of manufacturing industry, such as extreme wage difference, ratio of industry extreme value, Tyre index, Gini coefficient and so on. It is found that the wage gap in manufacturing industry generally shows an expanding trend in the process of opening to the outside world, but it fluctuates somewhat. Changes in the Gini coefficient and the Terre index show that wage gap growth rates rose before 2002 and then declined. Secondly, referring to Li Shiguang's comprehensive model, this paper analyzes international trade, technological progress and wage gap in a theoretical model. The conclusions are as follows: the import of technology-intensive products and the increase of enterprise innovation capital lead to higher wages of high-skilled workers, lower wages of low-skilled workers, and widen the wage gap in industries. Thirdly, based on the panel data of manufacturing industry, this paper divides it into labor-intensive and technology-intensive sectors according to the different degree of factor intensity, establishes static panel data model and dynamic panel data model, and analyzes import trade. The impact of export trade and technological progress on the wage gap between manufacturing industries in China. The results of empirical analysis show that: (1) the import trade, technological progress will lead to higher demand for high-skilled workers in the manufacturing industry, and the wage gap will widen, while the export trade will reduce the wage gap in China's manufacturing industry to a certain extent. (2) Import trade is the main cause of the widening wage gap in labor-intensive sectors, while technological progress is the main cause of the widening wage gap in technology-intensive sectors, while exports reduce the relative wage gap between the two sectors. (3) the increase of enterprise innovation capital will widen the wage gap in the short term, but in the long run, it will narrow the growth rate of the wage gap, and the degree of enterprises' participation in international trade is inversely proportional to the wage gap in the manufacturing industry. Finally, in view of the above research contents and conclusions, this paper puts forward relevant policy recommendations.
【學位授予單位】：寧波大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：F249.24;F752;F124.3
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