金融抑制、產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)與收入差距
發(fā)布時間：2018-09-08 13:24
【摘要】：改革開放以來,隨著我國經(jīng)濟發(fā)展水平的提高和產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整升級,尤其是連續(xù)多年GDP的增長速度都超過8%,居民的生活水平也因此得到了很大的改善和提高,但值得注意的是,我國收入差距也呈現(xiàn)出擴大的趨勢,這已經(jīng)影響到社會和經(jīng)濟的長期穩(wěn)定發(fā)展。產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)升級特別是第二、三產(chǎn)業(yè)在國民經(jīng)濟中所占比重的提高,可以促進我國農(nóng)業(yè)剩余勞動力從第一產(chǎn)業(yè)向第二、三產(chǎn)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)移,提高農(nóng)業(yè)部門勞動力收入,縮小農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)部門與現(xiàn)代產(chǎn)業(yè)部門之間的收入差距。如果想最大限度的發(fā)揮產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)升級縮小收入差距的功能,就必須加快產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整升級速度,推動更多的農(nóng)業(yè)剩余勞動力更快的轉(zhuǎn)移到勞動生產(chǎn)率更高的現(xiàn)代產(chǎn)業(yè)部門中去。但是,產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)升級需要大量的資金支持,金融業(yè)的發(fā)展能夠?qū)Ξa(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整升級起到很大的支持作用。從理論上講,金融能夠產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)升級起到支持作用,產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)升級又能縮小收入差距。但是,只有在完善的市場機制下,金融對產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)升級的支持作用才能得以發(fā)揮。因此,本文在我國金融抑制現(xiàn)象普遍存在的背景下,研究分析產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)變化對收入差距的影響及作用機制,并在研究結(jié)論的基礎(chǔ)上提出縮小我國收入差距的政策建議,具有一定的理論和現(xiàn)實意義。 本文通過理論分析并構(gòu)建數(shù)理模型,說明金融抑制政策可能阻礙我國產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)升級,這主要是由于我國以利率管制和信貸配給為主要表現(xiàn)形式的金融抑制政策,降低了儲蓄轉(zhuǎn)化為投資的比例以及資金使用和配置的效率,從而影響到產(chǎn)業(yè)資本的形成和資金在產(chǎn)業(yè)間的配置效率。產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)升級可以通過促進勞動力從勞動生產(chǎn)率較低的產(chǎn)業(yè)向較高產(chǎn)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)移來縮小收入差距,但本文研究發(fā)現(xiàn),產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)升級對收入差距的影響呈現(xiàn)出倒U型特征,及在產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)升級初期,產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整會擴大收入差距,當產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)水平達到一定程度以后,收入差距才會隨著產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)的調(diào)整而逐漸縮小。而在我國金融抑制政策下,農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化和專業(yè)化受到抑制,中小農(nóng)戶、鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)企業(yè)和民營中小企業(yè)融資困難,導(dǎo)致產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)升級受到抑制并長期處于初級階段,再加上金融抑制導(dǎo)致窮人的財產(chǎn)性收入相對于富人更低,從而導(dǎo)致城鄉(xiāng)之間、行業(yè)之間和居民之間的收入差距呈現(xiàn)出擴大的趨勢。 同時本文采用1980年至2008年28個省市的面板數(shù)據(jù)進行實證分析,結(jié)果表明金融抑制對收入差距影響較��；我國產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)升級還處于初級階段,收入差距隨著產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)升級而擴大；城市化水平提高能夠降低收入差距,而政府對經(jīng)濟的干預(yù)也助于縮小收入差距。最后本文從促進產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)升級、提高城市化水平等方面提出一些縮小我國收入差距的政策建議。
[Abstract]:Since the reform and opening up, with the improvement of the level of economic development and the upgrading of the industrial structure of our country, especially the growth rate of GDP in successive years has exceeded 8%, the living standard of the residents has also been greatly improved and improved. However, it is worth noting that, The income gap of our country also shows the trend of enlargement, which has affected the long-term stable development of society and economy. The upgrading of the industrial structure, especially the increase in the proportion of the second and third industries in the national economy, can promote the transfer of the surplus agricultural labor force from the primary to the second and third industries, thus increasing the income of the agricultural sector. Narrowing the income gap between agricultural and modern industrial sectors. If we want to give full play to the function of industrial structure upgrading and narrowing the income gap, we must speed up the speed of industrial structure adjustment and upgrade, and promote more agricultural surplus labor force to transfer to the modern industrial sector with higher labor productivity. However, the upgrading of industrial structure needs a lot of financial support, and the development of financial industry can play a very important role in the adjustment and upgrading of industrial structure. Theoretically, finance can support the upgrading of industrial structure, and the upgrading of industrial structure can narrow the income gap. However, only under the perfect market mechanism, can finance support the upgrading of industrial structure. Therefore, under the background of the widespread existence of financial repression in China, this paper studies and analyzes the influence of industrial structure change on income gap and its mechanism, and puts forward some policy recommendations to narrow the income gap on the basis of the conclusion of the study. It has certain theoretical and practical significance. Based on the theoretical analysis and mathematical model, this paper explains that the financial suppression policy may hinder the upgrading of China's industrial structure, which is mainly due to the financial restraint policy in the form of interest rate regulation and credit rationing. It reduces the proportion of savings into investment and the efficiency of capital utilization and allocation, which affects the formation of industrial capital and the allocation efficiency of funds among industries. The upgrading of industrial structure can narrow the income gap by promoting the transfer of labor force from the industry with low labor productivity to the higher industry. However, this paper finds that the impact of industrial structure upgrading on the income gap is inverted U-shaped. In the early stage of industrial structure upgrading, the adjustment of industrial structure will enlarge the income gap, and when the level of industrial structure reaches a certain level, the income gap will gradually narrow with the adjustment of industrial structure. However, the modernization and specialization of agricultural industry are restrained under the policy of financial repression in our country, and the financing difficulties of small and medium-sized farmers, township enterprises and private small and medium-sized enterprises lead to the suppression of the upgrading of the industrial structure and the fact that it is in the primary stage for a long time. Combined with financial repression, the property income of the poor is lower than that of the rich, leading to a widening income gap between urban and rural areas, industries and residents. At the same time, using the panel data of 28 provinces and cities from 1980 to 2008, the results show that the financial suppression has little effect on the income gap, the upgrading of industrial structure in China is still in the primary stage, and the income gap expands with the upgrading of the industrial structure. Higher levels of urbanization reduce the income gap, and government intervention in the economy also helps narrow the income gap. Finally, this paper puts forward some policy suggestions to narrow the income gap in China from the aspects of promoting the upgrading of industrial structure and improving the level of urbanization.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南財經(jīng)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：F832;F124.7;F121.3
本文編號：2230651
[Abstract]:Since the reform and opening up, with the improvement of the level of economic development and the upgrading of the industrial structure of our country, especially the growth rate of GDP in successive years has exceeded 8%, the living standard of the residents has also been greatly improved and improved. However, it is worth noting that, The income gap of our country also shows the trend of enlargement, which has affected the long-term stable development of society and economy. The upgrading of the industrial structure, especially the increase in the proportion of the second and third industries in the national economy, can promote the transfer of the surplus agricultural labor force from the primary to the second and third industries, thus increasing the income of the agricultural sector. Narrowing the income gap between agricultural and modern industrial sectors. If we want to give full play to the function of industrial structure upgrading and narrowing the income gap, we must speed up the speed of industrial structure adjustment and upgrade, and promote more agricultural surplus labor force to transfer to the modern industrial sector with higher labor productivity. However, the upgrading of industrial structure needs a lot of financial support, and the development of financial industry can play a very important role in the adjustment and upgrading of industrial structure. Theoretically, finance can support the upgrading of industrial structure, and the upgrading of industrial structure can narrow the income gap. However, only under the perfect market mechanism, can finance support the upgrading of industrial structure. Therefore, under the background of the widespread existence of financial repression in China, this paper studies and analyzes the influence of industrial structure change on income gap and its mechanism, and puts forward some policy recommendations to narrow the income gap on the basis of the conclusion of the study. It has certain theoretical and practical significance. Based on the theoretical analysis and mathematical model, this paper explains that the financial suppression policy may hinder the upgrading of China's industrial structure, which is mainly due to the financial restraint policy in the form of interest rate regulation and credit rationing. It reduces the proportion of savings into investment and the efficiency of capital utilization and allocation, which affects the formation of industrial capital and the allocation efficiency of funds among industries. The upgrading of industrial structure can narrow the income gap by promoting the transfer of labor force from the industry with low labor productivity to the higher industry. However, this paper finds that the impact of industrial structure upgrading on the income gap is inverted U-shaped. In the early stage of industrial structure upgrading, the adjustment of industrial structure will enlarge the income gap, and when the level of industrial structure reaches a certain level, the income gap will gradually narrow with the adjustment of industrial structure. However, the modernization and specialization of agricultural industry are restrained under the policy of financial repression in our country, and the financing difficulties of small and medium-sized farmers, township enterprises and private small and medium-sized enterprises lead to the suppression of the upgrading of the industrial structure and the fact that it is in the primary stage for a long time. Combined with financial repression, the property income of the poor is lower than that of the rich, leading to a widening income gap between urban and rural areas, industries and residents. At the same time, using the panel data of 28 provinces and cities from 1980 to 2008, the results show that the financial suppression has little effect on the income gap, the upgrading of industrial structure in China is still in the primary stage, and the income gap expands with the upgrading of the industrial structure. Higher levels of urbanization reduce the income gap, and government intervention in the economy also helps narrow the income gap. Finally, this paper puts forward some policy suggestions to narrow the income gap in China from the aspects of promoting the upgrading of industrial structure and improving the level of urbanization.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南財經(jīng)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：F832;F124.7;F121.3
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