本文選題：產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu) + 低碳化��； 參考：《福建師范大學(xué)》2013年博士論文

【摘要】：由于全球氣候變化和世界經(jīng)濟(jì)近年所表現(xiàn)出的不可持續(xù),使得“低碳經(jīng)濟(jì)”在2003年一經(jīng)提出便引起了廣泛響應(yīng)和熱烈討論,促使各國紛紛致力于結(jié)構(gòu)的調(diào)整以及經(jīng)濟(jì)增長模式的轉(zhuǎn)變。在此背景下,產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)低碳化進(jìn)入人們視野。而產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)低碳化就是指通過技術(shù)創(chuàng)新及市場機(jī)制的應(yīng)用,推進(jìn)傳統(tǒng)產(chǎn)業(yè)生產(chǎn)方式的變革以及低碳技術(shù)和產(chǎn)品的產(chǎn)業(yè)化發(fā)展,降低社會的能耗量及碳排放,緩解經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展與環(huán)境保護(hù)之間的矛盾。 “高消耗、高污染、高增長”的傳統(tǒng)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長方式成就了中國改革開放三十幾年的經(jīng)濟(jì)高速發(fā)展,但這種經(jīng)濟(jì)增長方式導(dǎo)致資源的過度消耗和溫室氣體的過量排放,不僅限制了中國的經(jīng)濟(jì)增長速度,更對我們的生存環(huán)境帶來嚴(yán)重破壞。在此前提下,實現(xiàn)產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)低碳化,發(fā)展以“低能耗、低物耗、低污染、低排放”為特征的低碳經(jīng)濟(jì),成為中國轉(zhuǎn)變發(fā)展方式、實現(xiàn)產(chǎn)業(yè)升級和可持續(xù)發(fā)展目標(biāo)的新選擇。 基于這樣的認(rèn)識,本文回顧了全球氣候變化問題的提出及國際社會所做的努力,分析了全球治理的困境以及一些發(fā)達(dá)國家試圖采取單邊貿(mào)易措施間接地迫使發(fā)展中國家承擔(dān)減排責(zé)任的意圖。為實現(xiàn)政府承諾的減排目標(biāo)和經(jīng)濟(jì)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展需要,在人口規(guī)模變化有限,人均GDP伴隨經(jīng)濟(jì)增長持續(xù)上升的情況下,處于工業(yè)化進(jìn)程中的中國要減少二氧化碳的排放量只能依賴于能源強(qiáng)度和二氧化碳強(qiáng)度的降低。也就是說,產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)低碳化成為中國當(dāng)前實現(xiàn)減排目標(biāo)、保證可持續(xù)發(fā)展、調(diào)整產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)、轉(zhuǎn)變經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展方式的必然戰(zhàn)略選擇。但是,目前以重化工業(yè)為基礎(chǔ)的產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu),化石能源為主體的能源結(jié)構(gòu)和低效率的能源利用,明顯不足的低碳技術(shù)創(chuàng)新能力和不完善的低碳政策措施等五個方面嚴(yán)重制約了中國經(jīng)濟(jì)的低碳發(fā)展,成為中國產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)低碳化的主要障礙。歐、美、日等發(fā)達(dá)國家和地區(qū)發(fā)展低碳經(jīng)濟(jì)較早,在產(chǎn)業(yè)低碳化和新能源發(fā)展等方面進(jìn)行了積極的探索與實踐,在戰(zhàn)略規(guī)劃、法律保障、技術(shù)創(chuàng)新、能源發(fā)展、政策調(diào)控、低碳教育等方面的成功經(jīng)驗與政策措施值得我們學(xué)習(xí)與借鑒。結(jié)合中國的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展?fàn)顩r和能源資源稟賦條件,在推進(jìn)中國產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)低碳化過程中,應(yīng)該充分發(fā)揮技術(shù)、機(jī)制和結(jié)構(gòu)在減少碳排放過程中的作用,而低碳技術(shù)創(chuàng)新、市場機(jī)制應(yīng)用、產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化升級是實現(xiàn)產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)低碳化的具體路徑。
[Abstract]:Due to the unsustainability of global climate change and the world economy in recent years, the "low carbon economy" has caused extensive response and heated discussion in 2003, prompting countries to make efforts to adjust the structure and change the mode of economic growth. In this context, the industrial structure is low carbonated into the people's field of vision. The low carbonization of industrial structure refers to the reform of the traditional industrial production mode and the development of the industrialization of low carbon technology and products through the application of technological innovation and market mechanism, reducing the energy consumption and carbon emissions of the society and alleviating the contradiction between economic development and environmental protection.
The traditional economic growth mode of "high consumption, high pollution and high growth" has achieved the rapid economic development of China's reform and opening up for more than 30 years. However, this economic growth mode leads to excessive consumption of resources and excessive emissions of greenhouse gases, which not only restricts the speed of China's economic growth, but also brings serious damage to our living environment. Under this premise, the low carbon economy, characterized by low energy consumption, low material consumption, low pollution and low emission, has become a new choice for China to change the development mode and achieve the goal of industrial upgrading and sustainable development.
Based on this understanding, this paper reviews the global climate change issues and the efforts of the international community, analyzes the plight of global governance and the intention of some developed countries to adopt unilateral trade measures to indirectly force developing countries to shoulder the responsibility for reducing emissions. With the need of sustainable development, with the limited population size and the continuous increase of the per capita GDP with economic growth, the reduction of carbon dioxide emissions in the process of industrialization can only depend on the reduction of energy intensity and carbon dioxide intensity. In other words, the low carbonization of industrial structure has become the target of China's current realization of emission reduction. The inevitable strategic choice of the sustainable development, the adjustment of the industrial structure and the transformation of the mode of economic development. However, five aspects of the industrial structure based on the heavy chemical industry, the energy structure of the fossil energy and the low efficiency of energy utilization, the low carbon technology innovation ability and the imperfect low-carbon policy measures are seriously restricted. The low carbon development of China's economy has become the main obstacle to the low carbonization of China's industrial structure. The developed countries and regions of Europe, America and Japan have developed low carbon economy earlier, and have carried out active exploration and practice in the areas of low carbon and new energy development, such as the strategic planning, legal guarantee, technological innovation, energy development, policy regulation and low carbon education. We should learn and learn from the successful experience and policy measures. In the light of China's economic development and energy resource endowments, we should give full play to the use of technology, mechanism and structure in reducing carbon emissions in the process of China's industrial structure low carbonization, and low carbon technology innovation, market mechanism application and industry. Structural optimization and upgrading is a specific way to achieve low-carbon industrial structure.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：福建師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：F124.5;F121.3

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