本文選題：對外貿(mào)易 + 城鄉(xiāng)收入差距　； 參考：《吉林大學》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著我國改革開放的深入順利進行，我國外向型經(jīng)濟的不斷發(fā)展，對外貿(mào)易如火如荼地開展起來，我國已經(jīng)連續(xù)多年成為世界上最大的商品出口國。對外貿(mào)易對中國經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展起到至關重要的作用，是中國經(jīng)濟增長的引擎。三十多年來，中國經(jīng)濟取得了輝煌的成績，現(xiàn)在，我國的國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值已經(jīng)超越日本，成為世界第二大經(jīng)濟體。人們的物質(zhì)生活得到了極大的豐富，生活水平得到了前所未有的提高。 但是伴隨著經(jīng)濟的總體增長，一些問題也暴露出來�，F(xiàn)階段比較突出的就是收入分配差距問題。2012年，我國國家統(tǒng)計局首次公布了基尼系數(shù)，我國現(xiàn)階段基尼系數(shù)居高不下，根據(jù)統(tǒng)計局發(fā)布的數(shù)據(jù)顯示，我國基尼系數(shù)已經(jīng)超過0.4的警戒線，2012年的最新數(shù)據(jù)已經(jīng)達到了0.474。尤其值得我們特別關注的是城鄉(xiāng)收入差距，它是反映收入分配差距的重要指標。改革開放三十余年，我國的城鄉(xiāng)收入差距正呈現(xiàn)擴大趨勢。1978年，我國城鄉(xiāng)收入比僅為2.5比1，但是截止到2011年已經(jīng)達到3.2比1。城鄉(xiāng)收入比的增大警示人們城鄉(xiāng)收入差距問題不容忽視，因為它關系到一個國家的經(jīng)濟安全、社會穩(wěn)定和人民安居樂業(yè)，如果不能很好地解決收入分配，特別是城鄉(xiāng)收入差距的問題，將影響我國經(jīng)濟的長期健康發(fā)展。 本文首先通過列舉一系列數(shù)據(jù)和圖表，發(fā)現(xiàn)我國對外開放拉動經(jīng)濟增長的同時，城鄉(xiāng)收入差距也隨之一起變動，呈現(xiàn)比較明顯的共同趨勢。進而，本文通過利用相關的國際經(jīng)濟學原理，并學習借鑒學術(shù)界長期以來的研究成果，對我國對外貿(mào)易與城鄉(xiāng)收入差距的問題進行了綜合分析，并通過計量模型的實證檢驗，證實了對外貿(mào)易與城鄉(xiāng)收入差距的穩(wěn)定相關性。之后，本文還進行了對外貿(mào)易分解分析，將進口貿(mào)易、出口貿(mào)易分開，來考量其各自對于城鄉(xiāng)收入差距的作用。并且本文還有針對性地進行了時間段分析，由于我國在1994年匯率制度改革，又在2001年加入世界貿(mào)易組織，對外貿(mào)易發(fā)展的明顯時間節(jié)點特征，不同的時間節(jié)點對于分析對外貿(mào)易與城鄉(xiāng)收入差距必定具有顯著意義，所得到的結(jié)果也與預期的一致，城鄉(xiāng)收入差距也受到了對外貿(mào)易階段性發(fā)展的作用。從分析計量結(jié)果的過程中得到了一些關于優(yōu)化對外貿(mào)易結(jié)構(gòu)、縮小城鄉(xiāng)收入差距的思路，以期為今后的理論研究以及政策分析提供一定的依據(jù)。 通過計量分析，我國對外貿(mào)易與城鄉(xiāng)收入差距呈現(xiàn)明顯的正相關性。為了能夠合理解決這一問題，需要針對對外貿(mào)易結(jié)構(gòu)進行改革、調(diào)整，優(yōu)化進出口結(jié)構(gòu)，，提高戰(zhàn)略性新興產(chǎn)業(yè)的出口比重，并調(diào)整城鄉(xiāng)收入分配結(jié)構(gòu)，優(yōu)化個人所得稅申報、征收制度，加大對農(nóng)村地區(qū)的政策扶持力度，為更好地讓對外貿(mào)易服務于農(nóng)村地區(qū)制定更多更有效的政策措施。
[Abstract]:With the deepening of reform and opening up in China, the continuous development of China's export-oriented economy, foreign trade is in full swing, China has become the world's largest commodity exporter for many years. Foreign trade plays a vital role in the development of China's economy and is the engine of China's economic growth. For more than 30 years, China's economy has made brilliant achievements. Now, China's GDP has surpassed Japan to become the second largest economy in the world. People's material life has been greatly enriched, living standards have been improved unprecedented. But with the overall growth of the economy, some problems have also been exposed. In 2012, the National Bureau of Statistics published the Gini coefficient for the first time, and the Gini coefficient is still high at the present stage. According to the data released by the Bureau of Statistics, China's Gini coefficient has exceeded the warning line of 0. 4, and the latest figure for 2012 has reached 0. 474. In particular, we should pay special attention to the urban-rural income gap, which is an important indicator to reflect the income distribution gap. In 1978, the urban-rural income ratio in China was only 2.5: 1, but by 2011 it had reached 3.2: 1. The increase of urban-rural income ratio warns that the problem of urban-rural income gap should not be ignored, because it is related to a country's economic security, social stability and people living and working in peace and contentment. In particular, the income gap between urban and rural areas will affect the long-term and healthy development of our economy. Firstly, by enumerating a series of data and charts, this paper finds that the urban-rural income gap also changes along with the opening to the outside world, showing a more obvious common trend. Then, by using the relevant international economic principles and learning from the academic research results for a long time, this paper makes a comprehensive analysis of the problem of China's foreign trade and urban-rural income gap, and through the empirical test of econometric model. Confirmed the stable correlation between foreign trade and income gap between urban and rural areas. After that, this paper also analyzes the foreign trade, separates the import trade and the export trade to consider their effects on the income gap between urban and rural areas. And this paper also has carried on the time analysis pertinently, because our country in 1994 exchange rate system reform, also joined the World Trade Organization in 2001, the foreign trade development obvious time node characteristic, Different time nodes must be significant for the analysis of the income gap between urban and rural areas and the results are in line with the expected results. The urban-rural income gap is also affected by the periodic development of foreign trade. Some ideas about optimizing the structure of foreign trade and narrowing the income gap between urban and rural areas are obtained from the analysis of measurement results in order to provide some basis for the theoretical research and policy analysis in the future. Through econometric analysis, China's foreign trade and urban-rural income gap show a clear positive correlation. In order to solve this problem reasonably, it is necessary to reform the foreign trade structure, adjust and optimize the structure of import and export, increase the export proportion of strategic emerging industries, adjust the income distribution structure between urban and rural areas, and optimize the individual income tax returns. Levy system, increase policy support to rural areas, for better foreign trade in rural areas to formulate more and more effective policy measures.
【學位授予單位】：吉林大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：F752;F124.7;F224

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