本文選題：收入差距軌跡 + 拐點趨勢��； 參考：《南京財經(jīng)大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：本文對備受關(guān)注的中國居民收入差距演變趨勢做了實證研究，指出近年來中國居民收入差距軌跡已呈現(xiàn)拐點趨勢，并對出現(xiàn)拐點趨勢的原因做了理論分析。 第一章主要對以往研究成果進行綜述。 第二章詳細闡述了庫茲涅茨“倒U假說”、劉易斯拐點和鄧小平“先富共富”等有關(guān)收入差距演變軌跡的經(jīng)典理論。 第三章證明了我國居民收入差距軌跡已經(jīng)呈現(xiàn)拐點趨勢。本章利用基尼系數(shù)、收入比值和圖表分析等多種方法，多層次多角度的對地區(qū)間、城鄉(xiāng)間和城鎮(zhèn)農(nóng)村居民內(nèi)部的收入差距做了分析，確定我國居民收入差距軌跡已經(jīng)呈現(xiàn)拐點趨勢。進而從收入來源角度分析城鎮(zhèn)和農(nóng)村居民的收入差距變化原因，發(fā)現(xiàn)工資性收入是主導(dǎo)收入差距變化軌跡的重要因素。 第四章解釋了我國居民收入差距軌跡呈現(xiàn)拐點趨勢的原因，認為，我國居民收入差距演變軌跡符合庫茲涅茨、劉易斯的描述和鄧小平的預(yù)期，或者也可以說，庫茲涅茨“倒U假說”、劉易斯的二元經(jīng)濟理論和鄧小平的“先富共富”理論揭示了我國作為發(fā)展中國家收入分配演變的一般規(guī)律。庫茲涅茨“倒U假說”描述了勞動力的轉(zhuǎn)移導(dǎo)致人口結(jié)構(gòu)的變遷，進而引起收入差距的縮小，同時，社會保障可以改善福利水平，科技進步有利于提升就業(yè)層次；劉易斯拐點主要描述通過勞動力的轉(zhuǎn)移在長期可以縮小整體和城鄉(xiāng)內(nèi)部的收入差距，同時對我國勞動報酬占比呈現(xiàn)先縮小后擴大的趨勢也有很好的解釋力；鄧小平“先富共富”理論則是從非均衡發(fā)展的角度闡述在我國制度和政策引導(dǎo)下必然實現(xiàn)收入差距先擴大后縮小的趨勢。但是，上述三個經(jīng)典理論與我國現(xiàn)實情況也有不符合之處，庫茲涅茨“倒U假說”沒有涉及更微觀的如地區(qū)間、城鄉(xiāng)間收入差距的狀況，劉易斯拐點默認了市場的擴大足以吸納我國龐大的剩余勞動力以及忽視了社會保障等政策的重要作用，鄧小平“先富共富”理論中描述的公有制經(jīng)濟占主體還有待進一步落實。 第五章提出了進一步縮小收入差距的對策，包括：（1）高度重視社會保障的收入分配調(diào)節(jié)功能，，加快建立完善惠及全民的社會保障體系；（2）創(chuàng)新城鎮(zhèn)發(fā)展模式，以“三化”協(xié)調(diào)實現(xiàn)科學(xué)發(fā)展和縮小收入分配差距；（3）進一步鞏固區(qū)域協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展成果，逐步縮小地區(qū)間收入差距；（4）創(chuàng)新國有企業(yè)經(jīng)營模式，提高公有制經(jīng)濟的影響力和控制力，規(guī)范國有企業(yè)的收入分配等。
[Abstract]:This paper makes an empirical study on the evolution trend of income gap of Chinese residents, and points out that the trajectory of income gap of Chinese residents has shown a trend of inflection point in recent years, and makes a theoretical analysis on the reason of the trend of inflection point. The first chapter summarizes the previous research results. The second chapter elaborates the classical theories about the evolution of income gap, such as Kuznets' inverted U hypothesis, Lewis inflection point and Deng Xiaoping. The third chapter proves that the trajectory of income gap in China has shown a trend of inflection point. This chapter uses Gini coefficient, income ratio and chart analysis to analyze the income gap between regions, between urban and rural areas and among urban and rural residents. Determine the trajectory of income gap in China has shown a trend of inflection point. From the perspective of income sources, this paper analyzes the reasons for the change of income gap between urban and rural residents, and finds that wage income is an important factor leading to the change of income gap. The fourth chapter explains the reason why the trajectory of the income gap of our country presents the inflection point trend, and thinks that the evolution track of the income gap of our country is in line with Kuznets, Lewis' description and Deng Xiaoping's expectation, or it can be said, Kuznets'"inverted U hypothesis", Lewis' dual economic theory and Deng Xiaoping's "rich first and rich" theory reveal the general law of income distribution evolution in China as a developing country. Kuznets'"inverted U hypothesis" describes that the shift of labor force leads to the change of population structure, which leads to the narrowing of income gap. At the same time, social security can improve the level of welfare, and the progress of science and technology will help to raise the level of employment. Lewis inflection point mainly describes that the labor transfer in the long run can narrow the income gap between the whole and the urban and rural areas, and at the same time, it also has a good explanation for the trend that the proportion of labor remuneration in our country first shrinks and then expands. The theory of "rich first and rich together" in Deng Xiaoping explains the trend of income gap enlarging first and then narrowing under the guidance of system and policy in China from the angle of unbalanced development. However, the above three classical theories are also inconsistent with the reality of our country. Kuznets'"inverted U hypothesis" does not deal with more microscopic situations such as the income gap between regions and between urban and rural areas. Lewis' inflection point acquiesced that the expansion of the market was sufficient to absorb China's huge surplus labor force and neglected the important role of social security policies. The public ownership economy, described in the theory of "rich first and rich together" in Deng Xiaoping, has yet to be further implemented. The fifth chapter puts forward the countermeasures of further narrowing the income gap, including: 1) paying great attention to the function of income distribution regulation of social security, speeding up the establishment and perfection of social security system for the benefit of the whole people and innovating the urban development model. To further consolidate the achievements of regional coordinated development and gradually narrow the income gap among regions with the coordination of "three modernizations" to realize scientific development and narrow the income distribution gap between regions. (4) to innovate the business model of state-owned enterprises and to improve the influence and control power of the public ownership economy. Standardize the income distribution of state-owned enterprises.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京財經(jīng)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：F124.7

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