本文選題：西部少數(shù)民族地區(qū) + 反貧困�。� 參考：《西南財經(jīng)大學》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：我國自改革開放以來,特別是實施《國家八七扶貧攻堅計劃》和西部大開發(fā)以來,西部少數(shù)民族地區(qū)在黨中央和國務院的正確領(lǐng)導、各民族干部群眾的團結(jié)奮斗以及兄弟省市和社會各界的大力支持下,經(jīng)濟社會發(fā)展取得了長足進步,經(jīng)濟總量不斷增加,人民生活不斷改善,收入水平不斷提高,綜合實力不斷增強。但由于自然、經(jīng)濟、社會、文化、宗教等多種因素的相互制約,西部少數(shù)民族地區(qū)還存在著自然災害頻繁,發(fā)展基礎(chǔ)薄弱,宗教影響濃厚,社會動亂頻現(xiàn),地區(qū)差異懸殊等問題,特別是由自然生存環(huán)境惡劣和社會發(fā)展嚴重滯后等多因素造成的以西部少數(shù)民族為主體的貧困問題,不僅是影響西部少數(shù)民族地區(qū)經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的嚴峻挑戰(zhàn),而且是影響西部地區(qū)乃至整個中國經(jīng)濟社會現(xiàn)代化進程以及和諧社會建設(shè)的重大隱患。國務院扶貧開發(fā)領(lǐng)導小組2012年發(fā)布的《國家扶貧開發(fā)工作重點縣名單》顯示,全國592個國家扶貧開發(fā)工作重點縣(以下簡稱扶貧重點縣)分布在21個省(市、區(qū)),西部少數(shù)民族八省區(qū)集中了232個,占全國的39.19%,其中西藏整體片區(qū)進入國家扶貧序列,貧困面為100%；341個民族自治貧困縣(包括西藏)分布于全國17個省級行政區(qū)內(nèi),西部少數(shù)民族八省區(qū)集中了267個,占全國的78.3%’。因此,西部少數(shù)民族地區(qū)的貧困程度遠遠高于全國,是中國民族類別最多、民族人口分布最集中、經(jīng)濟發(fā)展水平最落后的地區(qū)。這些地區(qū)的貧困已嚴重制約著我國整體脫貧步伐的前進,使脫貧工作面臨嚴峻的挑戰(zhàn)和巨大的壓力,成為區(qū)域社會危機的潛在隱患,對西部少數(shù)民族地區(qū)的社會發(fā)展和社會穩(wěn)定構(gòu)成重大威脅。第十七屆中央委員會第五次全體會議通過的《中華人民共和國國民經(jīng)濟和社會發(fā)展第十二個五年計劃綱要》明確提出：“要繼續(xù)加大對民族地區(qū)、邊疆地區(qū)和貧困地區(qū)的扶持力度,深入推進興邊富民行動,支持邊境貿(mào)易發(fā)展,加大對滇西邊境山區(qū)、藏中地區(qū)以及廣西邊境地區(qū)的扶貧開發(fā)攻堅工程,加大以工代賑和易地扶貧搬遷力度；在民族地區(qū)進一步完善健全覆蓋城鄉(xiāng)居民的社會保障體系、完善基本醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生制度、提高住房保障工作等。”因此,減少貧困已經(jīng)成為我國民族工作中的一項重要內(nèi)容,從根本上消除絕對貧困成為中央所部署的構(gòu)建和諧社會重要戰(zhàn)略任務。 西部地區(qū)尤其是以廣西、云南、西藏、青海、貴州、寧夏、新疆和內(nèi)蒙為主體的西部少數(shù)民族地區(qū)反貧困仍然是當前西部少數(shù)民族地區(qū)經(jīng)濟社會發(fā)展面臨的重大理論與政策問題。本文通過分析西部少數(shù)民族地區(qū)反貧困所面臨的嚴峻態(tài)勢及制約因素,提出具有現(xiàn)實針對性的西部少數(shù)民族地區(qū)反貧困治理的戰(zhàn)略思路,探索建立一條適應新時期西部少數(shù)民族地區(qū)反貧困的制度創(chuàng)新和機制改革的道路,建立西部少數(shù)民族地區(qū)反貧困的新型扶貧制度安排,這對于有效遏制不穩(wěn)定因素、積極化解社會沖突、科學推進西部少數(shù)民族地區(qū)經(jīng)濟發(fā)展、實現(xiàn)社會公正安定、各民族共同繁榮、維護民族團結(jié)及國家安全均具有重要的理論意義與現(xiàn)實意義。本文立足于西部少數(shù)民族地區(qū)反貧困,在研究上主要采用理論研究、比較研究、數(shù)量分析和邏輯分析等方法,系統(tǒng)全面的闡述了西部少數(shù)民族地區(qū)反貧困戰(zhàn)略問題的理論視角、數(shù)據(jù)對比和經(jīng)驗啟示等。 本文的創(chuàng)新點由研究視角創(chuàng)新和研究內(nèi)容創(chuàng)新兩個部分組成。研究視角方面,本文在全面建設(shè)社會主義小康社會的背景下,通過歸納總結(jié)國內(nèi)外有關(guān)貧困的內(nèi)涵、標準和貧困的基本成因以及系統(tǒng)分析反貧困的相關(guān)理論的基礎(chǔ)上,立足于西部少數(shù)民族地區(qū)反貧困的實際現(xiàn)狀,對西部少數(shù)民族地區(qū)反貧困戰(zhàn)略問題所面臨的嚴峻狀況和重大挑戰(zhàn)進行研究,緊緊圍繞確立科學合理的反貧困戰(zhàn)略思路這一主線,創(chuàng)新性的從西部少數(shù)民族地區(qū)反貧困的戰(zhàn)略定位、制度安排和特殊發(fā)展背景出發(fā),對西部少數(shù)民族地區(qū)反貧困面臨的嚴峻態(tài)勢進行深入剖析,對其制度安排及戰(zhàn)略思路等重大核心問題進行全面的分析和總結(jié),提出了推動少數(shù)民族地區(qū)反貧困的戰(zhàn)略對策。本文從自然、歷史、經(jīng)濟、制度等方面分析反貧困問題的制約因素,努力尋求一條適合新時期發(fā)展的西部少數(shù)民族地區(qū)反貧困之路,強化反貧困問題在西部少數(shù)民族地區(qū)發(fā)展中的關(guān)鍵性作用。 本文分七章對西部少數(shù)民族地區(qū)反貧困戰(zhàn)略問題進行研究,主要內(nèi)容及觀點如下： 第一章是導論,由六個部分組成。第一部分主要對本文的選題背景和選題意義進行闡述；第二部分和第三部分主要從文獻學角度重點闡述了國內(nèi)外反貧困理論研究的現(xiàn)狀；第四部分主要確立了本文的研究方法,即理論、比較研究方法以及數(shù)量、邏輯分析方法。第五部分主要闡述本文的創(chuàng)新之處,系統(tǒng)全面的提出西部少數(shù)民族地區(qū)應建立以資源開發(fā)機制為核心的經(jīng)濟發(fā)展機制,以社會管理機制為核心的社會穩(wěn)定機制,同時進一步優(yōu)化社會監(jiān)督機制、公眾利益共享機制以及社會保障機制等。第六部分是本文的不足之處,主要是理論深度的不足和研究范圍的有限性。 第二章由四個部分組成,主要闡述了本文的理論基礎(chǔ)和相關(guān)經(jīng)驗總結(jié)。第一部分對國外反貧困理論的理論內(nèi)容和理論啟示進行闡述；第二部分對國內(nèi)反貧困理論的理論內(nèi)容和理論啟示進行闡述；第三部分對國外少數(shù)民族地區(qū)的反貧困實踐經(jīng)驗進行總結(jié)；第四部分則歸納了西部少數(shù)民族地區(qū)反貧困的當代啟示。 第三章由四個部分組成,主要闡述西部少數(shù)民族地區(qū)的經(jīng)濟發(fā)展狀況。四個部分分別從增長速度、經(jīng)濟地位、橫向差距和財政依賴四個方面對西部少數(shù)民族地區(qū)經(jīng)濟發(fā)展狀況進行分析,明確西部少數(shù)民族八省區(qū)經(jīng)濟發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀及與全國的差距。 第四章由四個部分組成,主要闡述了西部少數(shù)民族地區(qū)反貧困的嚴峻態(tài)勢。分別從自然災害頻繁、發(fā)展基礎(chǔ)薄弱、社會動亂頻現(xiàn)和地區(qū)差距懸殊四個方面來對反貧困的嚴峻態(tài)勢進行分析,明確反貧困現(xiàn)狀和所面臨的困難,從而因地制宜的進行反貧困建設(shè)研究。 第五章由五個部分組成,主要闡述西部少數(shù)民族地區(qū)反貧困的制約因素。第一部分主要寫西部少數(shù)民族貧困地區(qū)惡劣的自然條件；第二部分闡述西部少數(shù)民族地區(qū)的貧困人口長期生活在交通閉塞、生態(tài)環(huán)境惡化、相對封閉的自然偏僻環(huán)境中,經(jīng)濟社會還處在比較低的發(fā)展水平上：第三部分是歷史因素復雜,西部少數(shù)民族大都從封建社會遺留下來,有著復雜的歷史背景。第四部分是宗教文化沖突,不同民族有著不同的宗教文化,有些宗教文化甚至是完全相反的,這使得宗教之間的沖突不可避免。第五部分是制度設(shè)計缺陷,主要從貧困認定范圍狹窄、貧困人口標準較低和反貧困的效率下降三個方面來闡述。 第六章由六個部分組成,在第三章、第四章和第五章內(nèi)容的基礎(chǔ)上,主要闡述西部少數(shù)民族地區(qū)反貧困的制度安排。分別從明確功能定位、制定法律制度、規(guī)范管理體制、完善政策體系、強化金融支持和完善對口援助六個方面來闡述其重要性,完善的法律、政策是發(fā)達國家反貧困成功的經(jīng)驗,法律的缺失、政策的不完善和扶貧考核制度的不到位使得反貧困工作困難重重,反貧困治理效率低下。 第七章由六個部分組成,主要探討了西部少數(shù)民族地區(qū)反貧困的戰(zhàn)略途徑。第一部分提出要確立扶貧戰(zhàn)略,包括扶貧開發(fā)目標、發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略思路、區(qū)域功能定位和發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略重點；第二部分提出要創(chuàng)新機制設(shè)計,包括建設(shè)傳遞機制、建立參與機制和確立監(jiān)督機制；第三部分是強化社會服務,即要加大醫(yī)療投入力度,加強基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)和完善社會救助體系；第四部分是發(fā)展特色產(chǎn)業(yè),包括特色旅游產(chǎn)業(yè)、特色現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)和特色中醫(yī)藥業(yè)；第五部分是改善教育培訓,即普及基礎(chǔ)教育知識,發(fā)展職業(yè)技術(shù)教育和加強師資隊伍建設(shè)；第六部分提出完善社會保障,即完善社會保障法律法規(guī),拓寬社會保障覆蓋范圍和擴大社會保障籌資渠道。 本文的基本結(jié)論是：在面臨西部少數(shù)民族地區(qū)反貧困的嚴峻態(tài)勢和制約因素下,著力推進民族地區(qū)反貧困治理具有重要的現(xiàn)實性。西部少數(shù)民族地區(qū)應進一步明確反貧困工作的建設(shè)重點,通過完善制度安排、創(chuàng)新機制設(shè)計、發(fā)展特色產(chǎn)業(yè)、改善教育培訓、完善社會救助和增加扶貧投入等措施著重提高西部少數(shù)民族地區(qū)反貧困效率,切實解決人民脫貧發(fā)展問題,為全面建設(shè)小康社會努力。
[Abstract]:Since the reform and opening up of China, especially since the implementation of the national 87 poverty alleviation program and the western development, the economic and social development has made great progress in the western minority areas, with the correct leadership of the Party Central Committee and the State Council, the unity and struggle of the various ethnic cadres and the people, and the strong support of the brothers and cities and the community. The total amount is increasing, the people's life is constantly improving, the income level is increasing, and the comprehensive strength is increasing. However, because of the mutual restriction of natural, economic, social, cultural, religious and other factors, there are frequent natural disasters in the western minority areas, the development foundation is weak, the religious influence is strong, the social unrest is frequent and the regional differences are very different. The problem of poverty, which is caused by many factors such as the bad natural environment and the serious lagging of social development, is not only a serious challenge to the economic development of the western minority areas, but also the process of economic and social modernization and a harmonious society in the western region and even the whole China. The major hidden danger of construction. The list of national key counties for poverty alleviation and development issued by the leadership group of the State Council in 2012 showed that the key counties of the 592 national poverty alleviation and development work (hereinafter referred to as the key counties for poverty alleviation) were distributed in 21 provinces (cities, districts), and 232 in eight provinces of the western minority nationalities, accounting for 39.19% of the country, of which Tibet was a whole. The body area has entered the national poverty alleviation sequence, the poverty level is 100%, the 341 ethnic autonomous poverty-stricken counties (including Tibet) are distributed in the 17 provincial administrative regions in the country, and the eight provinces in the western minority areas are concentrated in 267, accounting for 78.3% 'in the whole country. Therefore, the poverty level in the western minority areas is far higher than that of the whole country, the largest ethnic group in China and the ethnic group. The areas of the most concentrated distribution and the most backward economic development have seriously restricted the progress of our country's overall pace of poverty alleviation, making the work of poverty alleviation facing severe challenges and enormous pressure, and becoming a potential hazard of the regional social crisis, which poses a major threat to the social development and social stability of the minority areas in the western region. The Twelfth Five Year Plan of the People's Republic of China national economy and social development, adopted by the Fifth Plenary Session of the Seventeenth Central Committee, made clear that "we should continue to strengthen the support for the ethnic areas, the border areas and the poverty-stricken areas, deepen the action of the rich and the people in the border areas, support the development of the border trade and increase the Yunnan Province." The poverty alleviation and development project of the western border area, the Tibetan and central areas and the border areas of Guangxi have been strengthened, and the efforts to relieve the relief and relief of the poverty alleviation are intensified, the social security system covering urban and rural residents, the basic medical and health system, and the housing security work are improved in the ethnic areas. An important part of our national work is to eradicate absolute poverty fundamentally and become an important strategic task for the central government to build a harmonious society.
The anti poverty in western minority areas, especially in Guangxi, Yunnan, Tibet, Qinghai, Guizhou, Ningxia, Xinjiang and Inner Mongolia, is still a major theoretical and policy problem in the economic and social development of the western minority areas. Restricting factors, putting forward the strategic thinking of anti poverty governance in the western minority areas with realistic pertinence, exploring the way of establishing a new system innovation and mechanism reform to adapt to the anti poverty in the western minority areas in the new period, setting up a new poverty alleviation system arrangement in the western minority areas, which can effectively restrain the instability. It has important theoretical and practical significance to establish factors, actively resolve social conflicts, promote economic development in western minority areas, realize social justice and stability, common prosperity of all ethnic groups, safeguard national unity and national security. This article is based on anti poverty in western minority areas and mainly uses theoretical research in research. Compared with the methods of quantitative analysis and logical analysis, this paper systematically expounds the theoretical perspective, data comparison and experience enlightenment of the anti poverty strategy in the western minority areas.
The innovation of this article is composed of two parts: the research perspective innovation and the research content innovation. In the perspective of the research, this paper, on the background of building a well-off society in a comprehensive way, is based on the summary of the connotation of poverty at home and abroad, the basic causes of standards and the basic causes of poverty, and the systematic analysis of the relevant theories of anti poverty. The actual situation of anti poverty in the minority areas of the western region is to study the severe situation and major challenges faced by the anti poverty strategy in the minority areas of the west, and the main line is to establish a scientific and reasonable strategic thinking of anti poverty. In the background of the development, the severe situation of anti poverty in the western minority areas is deeply analyzed, and the important core issues such as the system arrangement and the strategic thinking are comprehensively analyzed and summarized, and the strategic countermeasures to promote the anti poverty in the minority areas are put forward. This paper analyzes the anti poverty from the aspects of nature, history, economy and system. The restrictive factors of the problem are hard to seek a way of anti poverty in the western minority areas, which are suitable for the development of the new period, and strengthen the key role of the anti poverty in the development of the minority areas in the West.
This article is divided into seven chapters to study the strategy of anti poverty in western minority areas. The main contents and viewpoints are as follows:
The first chapter is the introduction, which is composed of six parts. The first part mainly expounds the background and significance of this topic; the second and the third part mainly from the perspective of philology, mainly expounds the present situation of the research on anti poverty theory at home and abroad; the fourth part mainly establishes the research methods of this article, that is, the theory and the comparative research method. The fifth part mainly expounds the innovation of this article, and systematically proposes that the western minority areas should establish the economic development mechanism with the resource development mechanism as the core, the social stability mechanism with the social management mechanism as the core, and the optimization of the social supervision mechanism and the public interest sharing machine at the same time. The sixth part is the deficiency of this article, mainly the insufficiency of theoretical depth and the limitation of research scope.
The second chapter is composed of four parts, which mainly expounds the theoretical basis of this article and the summary of relevant experience. The first part expounds the theoretical content and theoretical inspiration of the theory of anti poverty abroad; the second part expounds the theoretical content and theoretical enlightenment of the domestic anti poverty theory; the third part is anti poverty in the minority areas of foreign countries. The fourth part sums up the Contemporary Enlightenment of anti poverty in the western minority areas.
The third chapter is composed of four parts, which mainly expounds the economic development of the western minority areas. The four parts are analyzed from four aspects of the growth rate, economic status, horizontal gap and financial dependence, and the economic development status of the western minority ethnic minority regions and the whole country. Gap.
The fourth chapter is composed of four parts. It mainly expounds the severe situation of anti poverty in the western minority areas. It analyzes the severe situation of anti poverty from the four aspects of the frequent natural disasters, the weak development foundation, the frequent social unrest and the disparity in the regional gap, and makes clear the current situation of anti poverty and the difficulties that they face, so as to adapt to local conditions. Research on anti poverty construction.
The fifth chapter is composed of five parts, which mainly expounds the restrictive factors of anti poverty in the western minority areas. The first part mainly writes the poor natural conditions of the poverty-stricken areas of the western minority nationalities. The second part states that the poor people in the western minority areas have long lived in the traffic block, the ecological environment is deteriorating, and the relatively closed natural remoteness. In the environment, the economy and society are still at a relatively low level of development: the third part is a complex historical factor. The minority nationalities in the West have been left over from the feudal society and have a complex historical background. The fourth part is the religious cultural conflict, the different ethnic groups have different religious cultures and some religious cultures are even completely opposite. The conflict between religions is inevitable. The fifth part is the system design defects, mainly from the narrow scope of poverty identification, the poor population standard and the reduction of the efficiency of anti poverty in three aspects.
The sixth chapter is composed of six parts. On the basis of the contents of the third, the fourth and the fifth chapters, this chapter mainly expounds the institutional arrangement of the anti poverty in the western minority areas. It expounds the importance of the six aspects, namely, defining the function, formulating the legal system, standardizing the management system, perfecting the policy system, strengthening the financial support and perfecting the counterpart aid. Sex, perfect law and policy are the experience of the successful anti poverty of the developed countries, the lack of law, the imperfection of the policy and the poor assessment system of poverty alleviation make the anti poverty work difficult and the efficiency of anti poverty management is low.
The seventh chapter is composed of six parts. It mainly discusses the strategic way of anti poverty in the western minority areas. The first part proposes to establish the poverty alleviation strategy, including the goal of poverty alleviation and development, the development strategy, the regional function orientation and the development strategy. The second part proposes the design of the new mechanism, including the construction and transfer mechanism, and the establishment of the participation. The third part is to strengthen the social service, that is to strengthen the social service, that is to strengthen the medical investment, strengthen the construction of the infrastructure and improve the social assistance system; the fourth part is the development of the characteristic industry, including the characteristic tourism industry, the characteristic modern agriculture and the characteristic Chinese medicine and medicine; the fifth part is the improvement of education and training, that is the foundation of popularization. Education knowledge, development of Vocational Technical Education and the strengthening of the construction of teachers; the sixth part proposes to improve social security, that is, to improve social security laws and regulations, to broaden the coverage of social security and to expand the financing channels for social security.
The basic conclusion of this paper is: under the severe situation and restrictive factors of anti poverty in the western minority areas, it is important to push forward the anti poverty management in ethnic areas. The western minority areas should further clarify the emphasis of the construction of anti poverty work, through the arrangement of the good system, the design of the innovation mechanism and the development of the characteristic production. We should improve the education and training, improve the social assistance and increase the investment in poverty alleviation and other measures to improve the anti poverty efficiency of the minority areas in the western regions, effectively solve the problem of the people's poverty reduction and development, and make efforts to build a well-off society in an all-round way.
【學位授予單位】：西南財經(jīng)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：F126

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