本文選題：國(guó)家級(jí)開(kāi)發(fā)區(qū) + 生命周期理論�。� 參考：《華中科技大學(xué)》2013年博士論文

【摘要】：基于國(guó)家級(jí)開(kāi)發(fā)區(qū)生命周期理論對(duì)經(jīng)開(kāi)區(qū)和高新區(qū)的產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展、空間溢出效應(yīng)、經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)效率及方式、區(qū)域創(chuàng)新系統(tǒng)等各個(gè)方面的研究能夠揭示國(guó)家級(jí)開(kāi)發(fā)區(qū)的發(fā)展規(guī)律并找到最優(yōu)發(fā)展模式，優(yōu)化落后地區(qū)的發(fā)展路徑。因此，本文通過(guò)對(duì)國(guó)家級(jí)開(kāi)發(fā)區(qū)二十幾年發(fā)展歷程的回顧以及重新審視，以期從更為宏觀的角度研究經(jīng)開(kāi)區(qū)和高新區(qū)的發(fā)展特點(diǎn)，二者發(fā)展的共性與差異，，最后針對(duì)兩類國(guó)家級(jí)開(kāi)發(fā)區(qū)的階段特色提出差異化的產(chǎn)業(yè)政策。 （1）開(kāi)發(fā)區(qū)生命周期理論 基于以上認(rèn)知，本文首先將國(guó)家級(jí)開(kāi)發(fā)區(qū)的生命周期理論同產(chǎn)業(yè)生命周期理論、企業(yè)生命周期理論和技術(shù)生命周期理論結(jié)合起來(lái)，建立更為宏觀的生命周期理論框架，并針對(duì)幾類生命周期理論間的包絡(luò)關(guān)系進(jìn)行探討。高新區(qū)的發(fā)展主要依靠技術(shù)生命周期，而經(jīng)開(kāi)區(qū)的發(fā)展則主要依靠產(chǎn)業(yè)生命周期。另外，國(guó)家級(jí)開(kāi)發(fā)區(qū)的生命周期特征明顯，因此可以根據(jù)特殊的產(chǎn)業(yè)政策、發(fā)展目標(biāo)，更合理地對(duì)國(guó)家級(jí)開(kāi)發(fā)區(qū)進(jìn)行階段定位。 （2）專業(yè)化生產(chǎn)與產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)趨同 為明確國(guó)家級(jí)開(kāi)發(fā)區(qū)成長(zhǎng)期的發(fā)展差異，本文采用了一定統(tǒng)計(jì)方法對(duì)國(guó)家級(jí)開(kāi)發(fā)區(qū)的主導(dǎo)產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀和產(chǎn)業(yè)趨同情況進(jìn)行了研究。經(jīng)過(guò)地區(qū)專業(yè)化指數(shù)的測(cè)度發(fā)現(xiàn)，傳統(tǒng)主導(dǎo)產(chǎn)業(yè)分布相對(duì)均勻，地區(qū)專業(yè)化程度差異不大，但戰(zhàn)略性新興產(chǎn)業(yè)的地區(qū)專業(yè)化程度差異非常大：化工行業(yè)和家電制造產(chǎn)業(yè)雖然生產(chǎn)集中，但集中地區(qū)的專業(yè)化生產(chǎn)程度并不高，生物醫(yī)藥產(chǎn)業(yè)雖然在全國(guó)都有分布，但主要專業(yè)化生產(chǎn)集中在某些發(fā)達(dá)地區(qū)，數(shù)字技術(shù)、海洋產(chǎn)業(yè)、物聯(lián)網(wǎng)和創(chuàng)意文化產(chǎn)業(yè)的地理集中和專業(yè)化程度相吻合。選擇戰(zhàn)略性新興產(chǎn)業(yè)作為主導(dǎo)產(chǎn)業(yè)的國(guó)家級(jí)開(kāi)發(fā)區(qū)存在著很明顯的產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)趨同，這種趨同不僅出現(xiàn)在同類開(kāi)發(fā)區(qū)之間，而且蔓延到經(jīng)開(kāi)區(qū)和高新區(qū)。所以優(yōu)化產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)，培養(yǎng)比較優(yōu)勢(shì)是兩類國(guó)家級(jí)開(kāi)發(fā)區(qū)實(shí)現(xiàn)互補(bǔ)協(xié)同發(fā)展的最優(yōu)方法。 （3）生產(chǎn)效率及增長(zhǎng)途徑差異 首先，經(jīng)開(kāi)區(qū)及高新區(qū)的隨機(jī)前沿生產(chǎn)函數(shù)方程均沒(méi)有通過(guò)時(shí)變的技術(shù)有效性檢驗(yàn)，中性技術(shù)進(jìn)步特征并不顯著，隨著時(shí)間的推移，兩類開(kāi)發(fā)區(qū)的技術(shù)效率均無(wú)明顯的提升。其次，通過(guò)隨機(jī)前沿生產(chǎn)函數(shù)估計(jì)和全要素生產(chǎn)率的分解我們發(fā)現(xiàn)，經(jīng)開(kāi)區(qū)和高新區(qū)的發(fā)展驅(qū)動(dòng)力顯著不同。在發(fā)展初期，優(yōu)惠政策是二者發(fā)展的主要?jiǎng)恿Γ诔墒炱�，�?jīng)開(kāi)區(qū)主要依靠規(guī)模經(jīng)濟(jì)效應(yīng)，而高新區(qū)主要通過(guò)資源配置來(lái)達(dá)到優(yōu)化發(fā)展。因此，經(jīng)開(kāi)區(qū)應(yīng)主要采用立足本土產(chǎn)業(yè)引進(jìn)外來(lái)技術(shù)的產(chǎn)業(yè)政策，而高新區(qū)則更多運(yùn)用依靠資源培育優(yōu)勢(shì)產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展模式。另外，勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng)扭曲限制了國(guó)家級(jí)開(kāi)發(fā)區(qū)的發(fā)展，特別限制了經(jīng)開(kāi)區(qū)的發(fā)展。 （4）國(guó)家級(jí)開(kāi)發(fā)區(qū)的空間溢出效應(yīng) 經(jīng)過(guò)空間自相關(guān)指數(shù)Moran’s I測(cè)算發(fā)現(xiàn)，新經(jīng)濟(jì)地理學(xué)的假定依然成立：在存在運(yùn)輸成本和不完全競(jìng)爭(zhēng)條件下，地域溢出效應(yīng)隨著距離的增加而減弱。同時(shí)局部Moran’s I指數(shù)揭示，經(jīng)開(kāi)區(qū)的輻射域更廣，且大部分地區(qū)位于高增長(zhǎng)高滯后象限，從經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展和產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈的角度所觀測(cè)到的對(duì)周圍地區(qū)的輻射能力更顯著。經(jīng)過(guò)空間計(jì)量回歸模型估計(jì)后發(fā)現(xiàn)，在地區(qū)帶動(dòng)發(fā)展?jié)摿Ψ矫妫咝聟^(qū)以本地區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)帶動(dòng)毗鄰區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)的直接溢出效應(yīng)的邊際影響為6%，溢出機(jī)制主要源于固定資產(chǎn)投入、研發(fā)投入和人力資本流動(dòng)，技術(shù)擴(kuò)散的效果更為顯著。經(jīng)開(kāi)區(qū)方面，以非經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)的隨機(jī)擾動(dòng)因素帶動(dòng)毗鄰地區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的間接溢出效應(yīng)的沖擊強(qiáng)度為5%，溢出途徑主要依靠地區(qū)專業(yè)化生產(chǎn)，經(jīng)開(kāi)區(qū)技術(shù)擴(kuò)散的能力被高估，但產(chǎn)業(yè)溢出渠道的影響力被低估。 （5）區(qū)域創(chuàng)新系統(tǒng)是國(guó)家級(jí)開(kāi)發(fā)區(qū)創(chuàng)新能力培育的重要依托 在初創(chuàng)期的國(guó)家級(jí)開(kāi)發(fā)區(qū)，適宜采用政府主導(dǎo)的創(chuàng)新系統(tǒng)模式，采用技術(shù)政策促進(jìn)國(guó)家級(jí)開(kāi)發(fā)區(qū)的創(chuàng)新能力，“馬歇爾”外部性效果較為顯著；在成長(zhǎng)期的國(guó)家級(jí)開(kāi)發(fā)區(qū)，學(xué)習(xí)型的區(qū)域創(chuàng)新系統(tǒng)更利于其發(fā)展，科學(xué)政策效果較好；成熟期的國(guó)家級(jí)開(kāi)發(fā)區(qū)，創(chuàng)新政策的促進(jìn)效果增強(qiáng)，產(chǎn)業(yè)多樣化帶來(lái)的“雅各布”外部性能夠顯著促進(jìn)技術(shù)擴(kuò)散和溢出。 （6）產(chǎn)業(yè)政策的失效 國(guó)家級(jí)開(kāi)發(fā)區(qū)的產(chǎn)業(yè)政策還因特殊的制度背景、主體資格不夠明晰、尋租行為和委托—代理問(wèn)題等因素的影響，執(zhí)行力大打折扣。首先，目前相對(duì)固定的考核制度和分權(quán)博弈體系非常不利于現(xiàn)有的產(chǎn)業(yè)政策對(duì)國(guó)家級(jí)開(kāi)發(fā)區(qū)做出正確的路徑指導(dǎo)，地方政府會(huì)為了短期利益和更大的分權(quán)尺度向以數(shù)量為綱的考核標(biāo)準(zhǔn)靠攏，同時(shí)尋租式的招商引資模式和政策實(shí)行時(shí)存在的委托—代理問(wèn)題進(jìn)一步導(dǎo)致了國(guó)家級(jí)開(kāi)發(fā)區(qū)的資源浪費(fèi)。其次，指標(biāo)體系沒(méi)有起到正確的規(guī)劃作用。全國(guó)所有的開(kāi)發(fā)區(qū)一類評(píng)價(jià)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)更不利于落后的開(kāi)發(fā)區(qū)推進(jìn)跨越式發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略。應(yīng)當(dāng)對(duì)產(chǎn)業(yè)指標(biāo)體系按照國(guó)家級(jí)開(kāi)發(fā)區(qū)的發(fā)展階段進(jìn)行分層。在沒(méi)有采取合理的產(chǎn)業(yè)政策下，稅收流失和地方福利的扭曲是國(guó)家級(jí)開(kāi)發(fā)區(qū)的損失表現(xiàn)。故強(qiáng)化政策執(zhí)行與保障相關(guān)立法是國(guó)家級(jí)開(kāi)發(fā)區(qū)發(fā)展的另一項(xiàng)重要措施。 總而言之，現(xiàn)階段實(shí)施的產(chǎn)業(yè)政策對(duì)于高新區(qū)和經(jīng)開(kāi)區(qū)而言差別不大，經(jīng)開(kāi)區(qū)與高新區(qū)趨同的產(chǎn)業(yè)政策必然導(dǎo)致趨同的產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)。因此，為實(shí)現(xiàn)高新區(qū)和經(jīng)開(kāi)區(qū)的有效、合理、長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)發(fā)展，應(yīng)實(shí)施差異化管理，分而治之，做到產(chǎn)業(yè)政策有針對(duì)性，戰(zhàn)略定位有階段特色。
[Abstract]:Based on the life cycle theory of the National Development Zone, the research on the industrial development, the spatial spillover effect, the economic growth efficiency and the way, the regional innovation system and so on, can reveal the development rule of the National Development Zone and find the optimal development mode and optimize the development path of the backward areas. Review and re-examine the development process of the national development zones in the past twenty years, in order to study the characteristics of the development of the open area and high and new zones from a more macro perspective, the generality and differences of the two development, and finally put forward the differentiated production policies for the stage characteristics of the two types of national development zones.
(1) the life cycle theory of the Development Zone
Based on the above cognition, this paper first combines the life cycle theory of the National Development Zone with the industrial life cycle theory, the enterprise life cycle theory and the technology life cycle theory, to establish a more macro framework of the life cycle theory, and to discuss the envelopes of several kinds of life cycle theories. Depending on the technical life cycle, the development of the open area depends on the life cycle of the industry. In addition, the life cycle of the National Development Zone is obvious, so it can develop the target according to the special industrial policy and make the stage positioning of the National Development Zone more reasonably.
(2) the convergence of professional production and industrial structure
In order to clarify the development difference of the National Development Zone, this paper uses a certain statistical method to study the status of the leading industry development and the industrial convergence of the National Development Zone. Through the measurement of regional specialization index, the distribution of traditional leading industries is relatively uniform and the degree of specialization in the region is not very different, but the strategic new There are great differences in the degree of specialization in the areas of Xing Industry: Although the chemical industry and the household appliance manufacturing industry are concentrated in production, the degree of specialized production in the concentrated areas is not high. Although the bio pharmaceutical industry is distributed throughout the country, the major specialized production is concentrated in some developed areas, digital technology, marine industry, the Internet of things and creative writing. The geographical concentration and specialization of the chemical industry is consistent with the degree of specialization. There are obvious industrial structure convergence in the national development zones of selecting strategic emerging industries as the leading industries. This convergence not only occurs between the same kind of development zones, but also spreads to the open area and high and new zones. Therefore, the optimization of industrial structure and the cultivation of comparative advantages are the two types of countries. The best way to achieve complementary and coordinated development of home development zones.
(3) differences in production efficiency and growth ways
First, the stochastic frontier production function equations of both the open area and the high and new zone have not passed the time-varying technical validity test. The characteristics of the neutral technological progress are not significant. The technical efficiency of the two types of development zones has no obvious promotion with the time. Secondly, the estimation of the stochastic frontier production function and the decomposition of the total factor productivity are obtained. It is found that the driving force of the development zone and the high and new zone is significantly different. In the early stage of development, the preferential policy is the main driving force for the development of the two. However, in the mature period, the economic effect is mainly dependent on the economic effect, while the high and new zone mainly through the allocation of resources to achieve the optimal development. Therefore, the opening area should mainly adopt the native industry to introduce foreign technology. In addition, the distortion of the labor market restricts the development of the National Development Zone, especially the development of the open area.
(4) the spatial spillover effect of the National Development Zone
The spatial autocorrelation index Moran 's I estimates that the hypothesis of new economic geography is still established: the regional spillover effect decreases with the increase of distance in the existence of transportation cost and incomplete competition. Meanwhile, the local Moran' s I index reveals that the radiated domain of the open area is wider, and most of the regions are in high growth Gao Zhihou. The quadrant, observed from the perspective of economic development and industrial chain, is more prominent in the radiation ability of the surrounding areas. After the estimation of the spatial econometric regression model, it is found that the marginal effect of the direct connection spillover effect of the region's economic growth on the economic growth of the adjacent regions is 6%, and the spillover mechanism is dominated by the regional economic growth potential. The effect of technology diffusion is more significant due to the investment of fixed assets, R & D investment and human capital flow. The impact intensity of indirect spillover effects of non economic growth on the indirect spillover effect of economic development in adjacent areas is 5% through the open area. The way of spillover mainly depends on the specialized production in the region and the ability to spread through the open area technology. Overestimated, but the influence of the industry spillover channel is underestimated.
(5) regional innovation system is an important support for the cultivation of innovation capability in state-level development zones.
In the initial stage, the state level development zone is suitable to adopt the government led innovation system model, and adopt the technical policy to promote the innovation ability of the national level development zone. "Marshall" externality effect is more remarkable. In the growing national development zone, the learning type regional innovation system is more beneficial to its development, the scientific policy effect is better and mature. In the period of national development zones, the promotion effect of innovation policy is enhanced, and the externality of "Jacob" brought about by industrial diversification can significantly promote technology diffusion and spillover.
(6) the failure of industrial policy
The industrial policy of the National Development Zone is also influenced by the special institutional background, the incompetence of the main body, the rent-seeking behavior and the principal-agent problem. First, the relative fixed assessment system and the decentralization game system are very bad for the existing industrial policies to make the right way to the National Development Zone. In the direction of the path, the local government will draw close to the evaluation criteria of quantity based on the short-term benefits and greater decentralization. At the same time, the rent-seeking investment model and the principal-agent problem existing in the implementation of the policy further lead to the waste of resources in the National Development Zone. Secondly, the index system has not played a correct planning role. The evaluation standards of all the development zones in the country are not conducive to the development strategy of the backward development zone. The industrial index system should be stratified according to the development stage of the National Development Zone. In the absence of reasonable industrial policies, the loss of tax revenue and the distortion of local welfare are the loss performance of the national development zones. Policy implementation and protection related legislation is another important measure for the development of state-level development zones.
In a word, the industrial policies implemented at the present stage have little difference between the high and new zones and the open areas, and the industrial policies that converge through the open area and the high and new zones will inevitably lead to the convergence of the industrial structure. Therefore, in order to achieve the effective, reasonable and long-term development of the high and new zones and the open area, the differential management should be implemented and the industrial policy should be targeted. Sex, strategic positioning has a stage characteristic.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：F127.9

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