本文選題：中國 + 區(qū)域差異�。� 參考：《南開大學》2013年博士論文

【摘要】：改革開放以來,中國經(jīng)濟正處在持續(xù)快速增長時期,然而率先發(fā)展的東部地區(qū)與中西部地區(qū)的差距也在持續(xù)拉大并呈現(xiàn)加速分化。在此背景下,如何實現(xiàn)區(qū)域協(xié)調(diào)與可持續(xù)發(fā)展的問題引發(fā)各界關(guān)注。要素區(qū)際流動形成的聚集經(jīng)濟反映了地區(qū)經(jīng)濟在總量和結(jié)構(gòu)上的演變；新經(jīng)濟增長理論中,經(jīng)濟效率作為“無形之手”,主導和驅(qū)動著地區(qū)間要素配置,也是評判地區(qū)的經(jīng)濟聚集與經(jīng)濟增長是否匹配的核心。本文綜合聚集經(jīng)濟和地區(qū)經(jīng)濟效率兩個維度的分析,為研究區(qū)域經(jīng)濟發(fā)展提供了新的視角,并引發(fā)我們對以下問題的思考：①改革開放以來中國區(qū)域聚集經(jīng)濟具有哪些特征和演變趨勢?現(xiàn)實中我國東部地區(qū)與中西部地區(qū)的要素配置效率情況究竟如何?②普遍意義上來說,經(jīng)濟增長面臨著投入要素的規(guī)模報酬遞減和資源有限的內(nèi)外雙重約束。從現(xiàn)有的經(jīng)濟發(fā)展趨勢來看,未來中國的經(jīng)濟發(fā)展能否擺脫“經(jīng)濟增長單純依賴于要素數(shù)量積累會因回報遞減而陷入停滯”的預言?③協(xié)調(diào)地區(qū)效率與公平是制訂區(qū)域公共政策的關(guān)鍵,也是面臨的兩難。這也促使我們在經(jīng)濟效率“無形之手”之外,增加關(guān)于政府“有形之手”引導地區(qū)經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的思考。如何通過區(qū)域公共政策降低目前地區(qū)間不平衡程度,推動區(qū)域協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展? 對上述問題的思考構(gòu)成了本文的研究動機。本文結(jié)合邏輯演繹與經(jīng)驗歸納法,從聚集經(jīng)濟與增長績效的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系出發(fā),對我國地區(qū)經(jīng)濟發(fā)展提供新視角下的剖析。全文共分為六章,各章的主要內(nèi)容如下： 第一章：緒論。主要對本文的選題背景和研究意義,圍繞的核心問題,研究思路與結(jié)構(gòu)安排,以及創(chuàng)新點與不足之處進行簡要介紹。 第二章：理論與文獻評述,從本文主題出發(fā),對集聚與地區(qū)經(jīng)濟發(fā)展理論中的代表性研究進行了梳理,分別圍繞.“經(jīng)濟活動的空間聚集”以及“地區(qū)動態(tài)增長路徑與結(jié)構(gòu)變遷”,對外部性與集聚以及集聚與地方經(jīng)濟的一些理論和實證研究進行了評述,指出現(xiàn)有研究的不足和有待改進之處。并歸納了“新經(jīng)濟地理學”視角下集聚與地區(qū)發(fā)展的主要研究成果。 第三章：對集聚、生產(chǎn)效率與可持續(xù)發(fā)展進行理論層面的內(nèi)在機理探究。首先,構(gòu)建理論模型描述在規(guī)模經(jīng)濟與交易成本的權(quán)衡中,影響企業(yè)家選址的關(guān)鍵性因素,作為本文分析地區(qū)生產(chǎn)布局的微觀基礎(chǔ),并為集聚這一空間經(jīng)濟活動提供內(nèi)在機理解釋。其次,考察多地區(qū)結(jié)構(gòu)性變遷的微觀基礎(chǔ)和作用機理,從理論層面探究了空間聚集程度的變動與地區(qū)生產(chǎn)效率(TFP)之間的關(guān)聯(lián)性。最后,構(gòu)建資源約束下的動態(tài)最優(yōu)增長路徑模型,考察資源約束下的動態(tài)最優(yōu)增長路徑是否仍然可以實現(xiàn)可持續(xù)性發(fā)展。 第四章：中國聚集經(jīng)濟的形成與動態(tài)演進。本章通過對轉(zhuǎn)型期間中國區(qū)域聚集經(jīng)濟典型事實的描述和對聚集經(jīng)濟形成原因的分析,為第三章中的理論推理提供了來自轉(zhuǎn)型經(jīng)濟體樣本的實證依據(jù),同時也為現(xiàn)有文獻中的經(jīng)典理論假說提供了相關(guān)證據(jù)。針對我國現(xiàn)實經(jīng)濟聚集形態(tài)的重要特征——地區(qū)專業(yè)化與多樣性的并存共生,本章在區(qū)域綜合視角下,樣本選取改革開放三十年的長周期,對我國不同聚集經(jīng)濟類態(tài)的協(xié)同效應進行研究,這在目前國內(nèi)外文獻中還很鮮見。研究結(jié)果表明,新世紀以來地區(qū)發(fā)展如果延續(xù)單一的專業(yè)化聚集模式將是難以持續(xù)的；而專業(yè)化聚集與多樣性聚集的協(xié)同效應對地區(qū)經(jīng)濟發(fā)展起到了促進作用,未來的招商引資中應注重發(fā)揮二者的協(xié)同性,將規(guī)模經(jīng)濟與范圍經(jīng)濟相統(tǒng)一,這也是實現(xiàn)地區(qū)持續(xù)發(fā)展的內(nèi)在要求。 第五章：中國區(qū)域經(jīng)濟的增長績效與可持續(xù)發(fā)展。經(jīng)濟效率作為指揮要素配置的“無形之手”,本章的研究結(jié)果為我國地區(qū)不平衡發(fā)展的內(nèi)在原因給出了解釋：轉(zhuǎn)型期間,特別是上世紀九十年代以來,地區(qū)間技術(shù)進步與綜合效率比值的雙向下降,導致了中西部“塌陷區(qū)”與東部“增長極”地區(qū)分化的加劇。在對地區(qū)生產(chǎn)效率和要素投入的貢獻進行核算后發(fā)現(xiàn),相對于東部地區(qū)的“內(nèi)涵型”經(jīng)濟增長,中西部地區(qū)更具有資本驅(qū)動式的“外延型”經(jīng)濟增長特征。能源消耗對地區(qū)經(jīng)濟增長的貢獻份額很高,體現(xiàn)出地區(qū)經(jīng)濟依賴于高能耗產(chǎn)業(yè)的帶動,表明了中國未來仍需進一步轉(zhuǎn)變高能耗的增長模式,實現(xiàn)集約型發(fā)展。在對政府“有形之手”如何引導地區(qū)經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的實證分析結(jié)果顯示,中、西部地區(qū)要素聚集對于本地區(qū)經(jīng)濟規(guī)模擴張具有更強的引致力,中部地區(qū)經(jīng)濟規(guī)模與聚集度之間具有雙向循環(huán)引致關(guān)系,這一結(jié)論為制定我國的地區(qū)最優(yōu)發(fā)展次序提供了政策啟示。 第六章：對全文理論分析和實證研究的主要結(jié)論和政策性啟示進行歸納總結(jié)。 總體而言,與現(xiàn)有文獻相比,本文對中國區(qū)域聚集經(jīng)濟與增長績效的研究具有以下幾方面的創(chuàng)新：首先,本文以聚集經(jīng)濟和地區(qū)經(jīng)濟效率兩個維度以及內(nèi)在關(guān)聯(lián)作為總體分析框架,對中國如何實現(xiàn)區(qū)際協(xié)調(diào)和可持續(xù)發(fā)展進行了新的探索與解答；其次,在理論研究方面,本文運用新經(jīng)濟增長和新經(jīng)濟地理學相關(guān)理論,構(gòu)建涵蓋空間分布與演變、聚集與地區(qū)效率的關(guān)聯(lián)性、以及資源約束下的可持續(xù)發(fā)展三個層面的更為系統(tǒng)的理論分析框架,進行內(nèi)在機理性分析,是對現(xiàn)有研究的進一步深化與拓展；最后,在實證研究方面,本文嘗試結(jié)合邏輯演繹與經(jīng)驗歸納法,從聚集經(jīng)濟與增長績效的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系出發(fā),探究地區(qū)聚集經(jīng)濟的形成與演進,以及評判目前我國聚集經(jīng)濟與區(qū)域經(jīng)濟增長是否匹配,進一步深化了我們對于地區(qū)經(jīng)濟發(fā)展規(guī)律的認識與判斷。實證結(jié)果提出了一些新觀點主要包括：發(fā)揮不同經(jīng)濟聚集類態(tài)的協(xié)同效應促進地區(qū)經(jīng)濟發(fā)展；完善“綠色”增長績效評估體系；進一步釋放要素配置的空間紅利,強化市場對于微觀主體的引導；以及政府“無形之手”在不同地區(qū)的政策效應空間,最優(yōu)發(fā)展次序選擇等等,對我國區(qū)域經(jīng)濟發(fā)展中面臨的現(xiàn)實問題進行了新的探索,并且對我國區(qū)域發(fā)展政策的制定提供客觀有益的參考。
[Abstract]:Since the reform and opening up, China's economy is in a period of sustained and rapid growth. However, the gap between the eastern region and the central and western regions is also increasing and accelerating differentiation. In this context, the problem of how to achieve regional coordination and sustainable development has led to the attention of all walks of life. In the new economic growth theory, the economic efficiency is the "invisible hand", which leads and drives the inter regional element allocation. It is also the core of judging whether the regional economic aggregation and economic growth match. In this paper, the analysis of the two dimensions of integrated agglomeration economy and regional economic efficiency is the research area. The economic development provides a new perspective and causes us to think about the following questions: (1) what are the characteristics and evolution trends of China's regional agglomeration economy since the reform and opening up? In reality, what is the efficiency of the factor allocation efficiency in the eastern region and the central and western regions of China? From the current trend of economic development, can China's economic development get rid of the prophecy that "economic growth depends solely on the accumulation of factor quantity accumulation will stagnate because of diminishing returns"? (3) coordination of regional efficiency and fairness is the key to the formulation of regional public policies, It is also a dilemma. This also encourages us to think about the economic development of the "tangible hands" of the government outside the "invisible hand" of economic efficiency. How to reduce the current regional imbalance through regional public policy and promote the coordinated development of the region?
Thinking of the above questions constitutes the motivation of this paper. This paper, combining the logical deduction and the experience induction, analyzes the economic development of our country from the inner link of the gathering economy and the growth performance. The full text is divided into six chapters, the main contents of each chapter are as follows:
The first chapter is introduction. It mainly introduces the background and significance of this topic, the core issues surrounding the research, the research ideas and structure arrangement, and the innovation points and shortcomings.
The second chapter: Theory and literature review, from the theme of this article, the representative research on the theory of agglomeration and regional economic development is combed, including "spatial aggregation of economic activities", "regional dynamic growth path and structural change", the theory and empirical analysis of external nature and aggregation, agglomeration and local economy. The research has been reviewed, referring to the lack of research and the need for improvement. The main research results of agglomeration and regional development in the perspective of "new economic geography" are summarized.
The third chapter: explore the internal mechanism of the theoretical level of agglomeration, production efficiency and sustainable development. First, the theoretical model describes the key factors affecting the location of entrepreneurs in the balance of scale economy and transaction cost, as the microcosmic basis for analyzing the distribution of regional production, and for the spatial economic activities of agglomeration. Secondly, the micro basis and mechanism of structural changes in multiple regions are examined and the relationship between the changes of spatial aggregation and regional production efficiency (TFP) is explored from the theoretical level. Finally, the dynamic optimal growth Lu Jingmo type under the constraint of resources is constructed, and the dynamic optimal growth path under the constraint of resources is investigated. It is still possible to achieve sustainable development.
The fourth chapter: the formation and dynamic evolution of China's aggregated economy. This chapter provides an empirical basis for the theoretical reasoning from the transition economies and the classic theoretical hypothesis in the existing literature through the description of the typical facts of China's regional agglomeration economy during the transition period and the analysis of the reasons for the formation of the aggregated economy. In view of the coexisting symbiosis between regional specialization and diversity, this chapter selects a long period of thirty years of reform and opening up in a regional comprehensive perspective to study the synergistic effects of different aggregated economic states in our country, which is still very fresh in the literature at home and abroad. The results show that the development of regional economic development is difficult to continue in the new century, and the synergistic effect of professional aggregation and diversity will play a role in promoting regional economic development. In the future investment investment should pay attention to the synergy of the two parties, and scale economy and scope economy. Unification is the inherent requirement for realizing regional sustainable development.
The fifth chapter: the growth performance and sustainable development of China's regional economy. Economic efficiency is the "invisible hand" of the allocation of command elements. The research results of this chapter give an explanation for the internal causes of the unbalanced development of China's region: the ratio of regional technological progress and comprehensive efficiency, especially since the 90s of the last century. The two way decline leads to the intensification of the "collapse area" in the central and western regions and the region of the Eastern "growth pole". After accounting for the contribution of production efficiency and factor input in the region, the central and western regions have more capital driven "epitaxy" economic growth characteristics compared with the "connotative" economic growth in the eastern region. The contribution of consumption to regional economic growth is very high, which shows that the regional economy depends on the drive of high energy consumption industry. It shows that China still needs to further transform the high energy consumption growth model and realize intensive development in the future. The empirical analysis of how the government "tangible hands" guide the regional economic development shows that in the western region The aggregation of elements has a stronger commitment to the expansion of the region's economic scale, and the relationship between the economic scale and the degree of aggregation in the central region has a two-way circulatory relationship. This conclusion provides policy inspiration for the formulation of the optimal regional development order in China.
The sixth chapter summarizes the main conclusions and policy implications of the full text theoretical analysis and empirical research.
In general, compared with the existing literature, the research on the economic and growth performance of regional agglomeration in China has the following aspects: first, this paper takes two dimensions of aggregated economy and regional economic efficiency as the overall analysis framework, and makes a new exploration of how China can realize interregional coordination and sustainable development. Secondly, in the field of theoretical research, this paper uses the theory of new economic growth and new economic geography to build a more systematic framework for the analysis of the spatial distribution and evolution, the relevance of aggregation and regional efficiency, and the three levels of sustainable development under the constraints of resources. In the end, in the case of empirical research, this paper tries to explore the formation and evolution of regional agglomeration economy by combining the logical deduction and the empirical induction, from the inner link between the gathering economy and the growth performance, and to judge whether the economic growth of our country is aggregated with the regional economic growth and further deepens. We know and judge the law of regional economic development. The empirical results have put forward some new viewpoints, which mainly include: playing the synergy effect of different economic aggregation states to promote regional economic development, improving the performance evaluation system of "green" growth, further releasing the spatial dividend of the element allocation, and strengthening the market for the micro body. As well as the policy effect space of the government "invisible hand" in different areas, the choice of the optimal development order and so on, it has carried on the new exploration to the realistic problems in the regional economic development of our country, and provides the objective and useful reference for the formulation of the regional development policy of our country.

【學位授予單位】：南開大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：F127

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