本文關(guān)鍵詞：西部地區(qū)碳排放交易機(jī)制構(gòu)建研究　出處：《西南財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 碳交易 碳排放交易機(jī)制 清潔發(fā)展機(jī)制 碳排放強(qiáng)度

【摘要】：近年來(lái),人類過(guò)度排放溫室氣體所引發(fā)的全球氣候變化問題,以及氣候變化問題所引發(fā)的自然災(zāi)害問題正成為全球關(guān)注的熱點(diǎn)。目前,各國(guó)已經(jīng)認(rèn)識(shí)到了大氣環(huán)境容量資源的有限性,不能無(wú)限度地排放溫室氣體,并達(dá)成較一致的共識(shí)——控制碳排放是解決當(dāng)前全球氣候變化問題的必然要求�！堵�(lián)合國(guó)氣候變化框架公約》及《京都議定書》為締約國(guó)中的發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家設(shè)定了溫室氣體排放額度和減排義務(wù),出于國(guó)際碳減排的壓力,許多國(guó)家紛紛探索有效的市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)手段來(lái)控制碳排放。與此同時(shí),我國(guó)國(guó)內(nèi)也把節(jié)能減排和控制碳排放強(qiáng)度作為“十一五”和“十二五”發(fā)展規(guī)劃的硬約束性指標(biāo),除傳統(tǒng)的行政治理手段外,迫切需要尋找一條有效的市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)手段來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)節(jié)能減排目標(biāo)。 本文正是基于這樣的一個(gè)背景,以國(guó)外理論研究和實(shí)踐經(jīng)驗(yàn)為借鑒,結(jié)合我國(guó)學(xué)者的認(rèn)知與探索,對(duì)碳排放交易機(jī)制進(jìn)行較深入的探討和研究。大氣環(huán)境容量資源具有公共產(chǎn)品特性,為解決其公共產(chǎn)品所導(dǎo)致的外部性問題,通過(guò)明晰產(chǎn)權(quán)方式和建立排放權(quán)交易機(jī)制,是實(shí)現(xiàn)大氣環(huán)境容量資源有效配置和控制碳排放的較優(yōu)選擇。碳排放交易機(jī)制是規(guī)范碳排放交易的制度安排,核心原理是設(shè)定排放總量目標(biāo),確立排放權(quán)的稀缺性,通過(guò)無(wú)償(配給)或有償(拍賣)的方式分配排放配額(一級(jí)市場(chǎng)),依托有效的檢測(cè)體系、核證體系,實(shí)現(xiàn)供需信息公開化,依托公平可靠的交易平臺(tái)、靈活高效的交易機(jī)制(二級(jí)市場(chǎng))實(shí)現(xiàn)環(huán)境資源的商品化,通過(guò)金融機(jī)構(gòu)的參與為市場(chǎng)提供充足的流動(dòng)性,發(fā)揮市場(chǎng)的定價(jià)與資源配置功能,降低節(jié)能減排成本,提高低碳發(fā)展效率。 本文首先對(duì)國(guó)內(nèi)外對(duì)碳排放交易機(jī)制的研究進(jìn)行了文獻(xiàn)梳理,然后碳排放交易機(jī)制的基本內(nèi)涵進(jìn)行了論述,包括理論溯源、相關(guān)概念、類型；考慮到清潔發(fā)展機(jī)制在國(guó)際碳交易中的重要作用以及作為我國(guó)參與碳交易的主要方式,有必要對(duì)其基本內(nèi)容給予簡(jiǎn)要的說(shuō)明,并在此基礎(chǔ)上研究并提出清潔發(fā)展機(jī)制對(duì)我國(guó)建立碳排放交易機(jī)制發(fā)揮了過(guò)渡和推動(dòng)作用。國(guó)際主要碳排放交易體系早已蓬勃發(fā)展,而且取得了顯著的成效。本文主要選取了歐盟碳排放交易體系、美國(guó)區(qū)域溫室氣體減排行動(dòng)以及芝加哥氣候交易所作為研究借鑒的對(duì)象。歐盟碳排放交易體系在全球碳交易市場(chǎng)中占據(jù)著主導(dǎo)地位,其對(duì)碳排放交易的機(jī)制設(shè)計(jì)對(duì)碳排放交易機(jī)制的構(gòu)建是很好的參考和借鑒；美國(guó)區(qū)域溫室氣體減排行動(dòng)作為區(qū)域性的碳排放交易體系,則對(duì)建立區(qū)域碳排放交易機(jī)制起到了很好的示范作用。 在對(duì)國(guó)際主要碳排放交易實(shí)踐進(jìn)行研究和經(jīng)驗(yàn)借鑒之后,本文根據(jù)能源消費(fèi)數(shù)據(jù),對(duì)西部地區(qū)11個(gè)省市的碳排放總量和碳排放強(qiáng)度進(jìn)行了估算,并進(jìn)行了比較分析,包括西部各省市之間、東中西和東北地區(qū)之間的比較。然后從清潔發(fā)展機(jī)制、碳排放交易所和重慶碳交易試點(diǎn)三個(gè)方面分別對(duì)西部地區(qū)碳交易現(xiàn)狀進(jìn)行了說(shuō)明,提出西部地區(qū)碳排放交易制度的缺失是碳交易存在的最大問題,包括法律制度、市場(chǎng)機(jī)制以及管理機(jī)制三個(gè)方面。另外,還對(duì)西部地區(qū)參與清潔發(fā)展機(jī)制存在的問題進(jìn)行了分析,并給出建議。 然后,本文進(jìn)一步分析了西部地區(qū)建立碳排放交易機(jī)制的意義和約束性,認(rèn)為西部地區(qū)建立碳排放交易機(jī)制將帶來(lái)四個(gè)方面的促進(jìn)作用,即有利于改善生態(tài)環(huán)境、促進(jìn)低碳轉(zhuǎn)型、減少西部貧困和發(fā)揮先行減排優(yōu)勢(shì)。最后提出西部地區(qū)建立碳排放交易機(jī)制要遵循發(fā)展優(yōu)先、激勵(lì)性、漸進(jìn)性和長(zhǎng)效性的原則,并在此原則指導(dǎo)下從總量控制、覆蓋范圍、配額分配、能力建設(shè)、彈性機(jī)制五個(gè)方面進(jìn)行了要素設(shè)計(jì),并從法律、管理、市場(chǎng)和合作四個(gè)方面給予制度上的政策建議。
[Abstract]:In recent years , the problem of global climate change caused by the excessive emission of greenhouse gases and the natural disasters caused by climate change have become the focus of global concern . At present , countries have recognized the limitation of atmospheric environmental capacity resources , can not discharge greenhouse gases to a limited extent , and achieve a more consistent consensus _ control of carbon emissions is a mandatory requirement to address the current global climate change . At the same time , many countries have set up effective market economy instruments to control carbon emissions . In addition to traditional administrative measures , there is an urgent need to find an effective means of market economy to achieve the goal of energy conservation and emission reduction . This paper is based on the background of the research and practical experience of the foreign theoretical research and practical experience . In order to solve the external problem caused by the public goods , this paper discusses and studies the mechanism of carbon emission trading . The mechanism of carbon emission trading is the system arrangement to regulate the emission of carbon . The core principle is to set up the emission quota target , to establish the emission right . By means of the fair and reliable trading platform , the flexible and efficient transaction mechanism ( the second - level market ) can realize the commercialization of the environmental resources , and play the market ' s pricing and resource allocation function , reduce the cost of energy saving and emission reduction and improve the low carbon development efficiency . This paper firstly sorts out the research of carbon emission trading mechanism at home and abroad , then discusses the basic connotation of carbon emission trading mechanism , including theory tracing , relevant concept and type , taking into consideration the important role of clean development mechanism in international carbon trading and the main ways of participating in carbon trading . Based on the data of energy consumption , this paper estimates the total carbon emission and carbon emission intensity of 11 provinces and cities in the western region , including the comparison between China ' s western provinces and cities , East China West and Northeast China . Then , the paper analyzes the present situation of carbon trading in the western region , including the legal system , market mechanism and management mechanism , and gives some suggestions on the problems existing in the western region ' s participation in the clean development mechanism . Then , this paper further analyzes the significance and the constraint of establishing the carbon emission trading mechanism in the western region . It is believed that the establishment of the carbon emission trading mechanism in the western region will bring about four aspects , namely , it is beneficial to improve the ecological environment , promote the transformation of low carbon , reduce the western poverty and play the leading role in reducing emission reduction . Finally , it puts forward that the establishment of the carbon emission trading mechanism in the western region should abide by the principles of development priority , incentive , gradualness and long - effect . Finally , it puts forward the key elements in the five aspects of total control , coverage , quota allocation , capacity - building and elastic mechanism under the guidance of this principle , and gives the policy suggestions on the system from the four aspects of law , management , market and cooperation .

【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：F205;F127

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