本文選題：股權(quán)投資 + 對賭協(xié)議　； 參考：《中國財政科學(xué)研究院》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：現(xiàn)今,對賭協(xié)議因其特有的自身屬性,成為近年來股權(quán)投資實(shí)務(wù)中常見的業(yè)績控制手段,也是目前企業(yè)投融資協(xié)議的主要方式,但在會計處理上,由于缺乏相關(guān)的明確規(guī)定,引入國內(nèi)的時間短且實(shí)踐尚不充分,會計準(zhǔn)則對這一領(lǐng)域的規(guī)范也僅僅是原則性的,至今在理論理解和準(zhǔn)則具體實(shí)施應(yīng)用方面仍然存在異議,需要研究和進(jìn)一步細(xì)化完善。在對賭協(xié)議會計處理中,最為關(guān)鍵的一步是對賭協(xié)議初始確認(rèn)與計量,只有較為公允地進(jìn)行對賭協(xié)議初始確認(rèn)與計量,才能準(zhǔn)確地進(jìn)行對賭協(xié)議的會計核算。當(dāng)前階段,對賭協(xié)議的會計處理主要按照現(xiàn)行相關(guān)《企業(yè)會計準(zhǔn)則》及有關(guān)會計規(guī)定執(zhí)行,2014年,財政部對《企業(yè)會計準(zhǔn)則》進(jìn)行了大范圍的修訂,對包含《企業(yè)會計準(zhǔn)則第22號——金融工具確認(rèn)和計量》及《企業(yè)會計準(zhǔn)則第37號——金融工具列報》在內(nèi)的多項準(zhǔn)則相關(guān)條文進(jìn)行了修訂和增刪。隨后財政部頒發(fā)了《關(guān)于印發(fā)金融負(fù)債與權(quán)益工具的區(qū)分及相關(guān)會計處理規(guī)定)的通知》(財會[2014]13號文),對金融工具分類及會計處理進(jìn)行了規(guī)定,但規(guī)定中缺乏對賭協(xié)議會計處理具體規(guī)定。2017年4月6日,財政部正式發(fā)布新版金融工具系列會計準(zhǔn)則,分別對《企業(yè)會計準(zhǔn)則第22號—金融工具確認(rèn)和計量》、《企業(yè)會計準(zhǔn)則第23號—金融資產(chǎn)轉(zhuǎn)移》和《企業(yè)會計準(zhǔn)則第24號—套期保值》進(jìn)行了重大修訂,新修訂的金融工具準(zhǔn)則與國際會計準(zhǔn)則理事會發(fā)布的國際財務(wù)報告第9號金融工具(IFRS9)基本趨同。其中,與對賭協(xié)議相關(guān)的規(guī)定有:簡化了嵌入衍生金融工具的會計處理;增加套期會計中期權(quán)時間價值的會計處理方法·;增加套期會計中信用風(fēng)險敞口的公允價值選擇權(quán)修訂后的套期會計準(zhǔn)則規(guī)定。盡管如此,這些準(zhǔn)則及相關(guān)規(guī)定是原則性的,在會計要素的確認(rèn)及或有對價初始確認(rèn)與計量等方面的相關(guān)規(guī)定不夠細(xì)化和全面,導(dǎo)致實(shí)務(wù)中關(guān)于對賭協(xié)議的會計處理亦存在較大爭議。鑒于上述情況,出于進(jìn)一步完善企業(yè)對賭協(xié)議會計處理規(guī)范,提升有關(guān)企業(yè)對賭協(xié)議會計信息質(zhì)量的考慮,筆者結(jié)合我國現(xiàn)行與對賭協(xié)議會計處理相關(guān)的準(zhǔn)則及會計規(guī)范規(guī)定,分析了我國會計規(guī)范中關(guān)于對賭協(xié)議會計規(guī)定中針對投資方對賭協(xié)議的初始確認(rèn)與計量的現(xiàn)存問題,并針對這些問題嘗試性提出了完善我國對賭協(xié)議會計規(guī)范的相關(guān)建議。本文認(rèn)為,金融工具會計準(zhǔn)則中關(guān)于對賭協(xié)議會計處理存在的不足之處主要有三點(diǎn),其一是根據(jù)現(xiàn)行準(zhǔn)則不能明確判斷對于以諸如管理層去留等企業(yè)經(jīng)營管理行為作為對賭標(biāo)的之對賭協(xié)議的會計處理;其二是由于當(dāng)前會計準(zhǔn)則未對金融變量做出詳細(xì)的定義,導(dǎo)致無法準(zhǔn)確判斷對賭協(xié)議是否能夠確認(rèn)為衍生金融工具;其三是在關(guān)于對賭協(xié)議作為衍生金融工具是否與主合同進(jìn)行分拆處理的規(guī)定方面存在不足之處。企業(yè)合并會計準(zhǔn)則的相關(guān)規(guī)定中關(guān)于投資方對賭協(xié)議的會計處理存在的不足之處主要有兩點(diǎn),其一是關(guān)于或有對價是否計入合并成本的相關(guān)規(guī)定不夠細(xì)化;其二是現(xiàn)行會計規(guī)范中缺乏關(guān)于投資方對賭協(xié)議初始確認(rèn)時應(yīng)當(dāng)確認(rèn)為資產(chǎn)類的金融工具還是負(fù)債類的金融工具的細(xì)化規(guī)定,使得實(shí)務(wù)中投資方對賭協(xié)議的初始確認(rèn)帶來較大分歧。公允價值會計準(zhǔn)則中關(guān)于對賭協(xié)議初始計量的規(guī)定的不足之處在于會計準(zhǔn)則中對衍生金融工具定價的相關(guān)指南較為原則化,導(dǎo)致實(shí)務(wù)中此類期權(quán)定價具有很大的主觀性和隨意性,而如果不能合理定價,后續(xù)的會計處理結(jié)果的可靠性與相關(guān)性就難以保證。關(guān)于對賭協(xié)議投資主體分類的相關(guān)規(guī)定的不足之處在于,準(zhǔn)則規(guī)定通過判斷主體身份的方式來決定適用何種會計準(zhǔn)則,但是卻未就主體身份的判斷給出明確的界定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和識別條件;另一方面,關(guān)于非風(fēng)投機(jī)構(gòu)的股權(quán)投資按照風(fēng)險投資機(jī)構(gòu)的模式操作下該采用何種判斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和依據(jù),以及如何進(jìn)行會計處理缺乏詳細(xì)規(guī)定。除此之外,對于作出業(yè)績承諾的一方是投資方自身的情況,缺乏會計準(zhǔn)則解釋公告等會計規(guī)范,也未采用會計實(shí)務(wù)案例指引方式明確這種特殊事項的會計處理原則。針對以上不足之處,本文嘗試性提出了相關(guān)的改進(jìn)、補(bǔ)充、完善和細(xì)化會計準(zhǔn)則及先關(guān)規(guī)定的建議,以期為我國有關(guān)投資企業(yè)賭協(xié)議的會計處理規(guī)范的進(jìn)一步完善提供有益參考。
[Abstract]:Nowadays, gambling agreement has become a common means of performance control in stock investment practice in recent years because of its own characteristic, and it is also the main mode of investment and financing agreement at present. However, in accounting treatment, due to lack of relevant clear regulations, the introduction of domestic time is short and the practice is not sufficient, accounting standards are standardized in this field. The most important step in the accounting treatment of gambling agreement is the initial confirmation and measurement of the betting agreement, and only a relatively fair initial confirmation and measurement of the betting agreement can be made to be accurate. In the current stage, the accounting treatment of the betting agreement is mainly carried out in accordance with the current relevant accounting standards and relevant accounting regulations. In 2014, the Ministry of finance made a large revision to the accounting standards for enterprises, including the accounting standards for Enterprises No. twenty-second, financial instruments confirmation and measurement and enterprises. The relevant provisions of the Accounting Standards No. thirty-seventh, the financial instruments listed, have been revised and added and deleted. The Ministry of Finance issued the notice of "the distinction between the issuance of financial liabilities and rights and interests tools and the relevant accounting treatment provisions) (article [2014]13 of Finance and accounting), which stipulates the classification of financial instruments and accounting treatment, but stipulates that There is a lack of specific provisions on the accounting treatment of gambling agreement in April 6th.2017. The Ministry of Finance formally issued a new series of accounting standards for financial instruments in April 6th. The accounting standards for "Enterprise Accounting Standards No. twenty-second - financial instruments confirmation and measurement >" Accounting Standards No. twenty-third - financial asset transfer > and < Accounting Standards twenty-fourth - hedging > are carried out, respectively. The revised, newly revised financial tool guidelines are basically converged with the international financial report no. ninth (IFRS9) issued by the international accounting standards board. Among them, the provisions related to the betting agreement are: simplifying the accounting treatment of the embedded derivative financial instruments; increasing the accounting treatment of the time value of the mid-term rights of the hedging accounting; increasing the hedging. However, the accounting standards and relevant regulations are principled, and the relevant provisions in the confirmation of the accounting elements and the initial confirmation and measurement of the price are not detailed and comprehensive, which leads to the accounting treatment of the gambling agreement in practice. In view of the above, in view of the further improvement of the accounting standard for gambling agreement and the consideration of the quality of the accounting information of the betting agreement, the author analyzes the accounting standard accounting in our country's accounting standards in accordance with the current rules and regulations related to the accounting treatment in our country and the betting agreement. In accordance with the existing problems in the initial confirmation and measurement of the betting agreement between the investor and the investor, the author puts forward some suggestions to improve the accounting standard of the betting agreement in China. This article holds that there are three main points in the financial instruments accounting standards about the accounting treatment of gambling agreement. It can't make a clear judgment on the accounting treatment for the betting agreement with the business management behavior such as the management layer, and the second is that the current accounting standards do not make a detailed definition of the financial variables, which leads to the inaccurate judgment of whether the betting agreement can be considered as a derivative financial instrument. There are inadequacies in the provisions of the betting agreement as a derivative financial instrument or not with the main contract. There are two main shortcomings in the relevant provisions of the enterprise merger accounting standards about the accounting treatment of the betting agreement, one is that the relevant provisions about whether or not the price is included in the merger cost are not fine enough. The second is that the current accounting standards lack the detailed provisions on financial instruments that should be recognized as financial instruments or liabilities of assets when the investor should confirm the initial confirmation of the betting agreement, which makes the investors in the practice of the initial confirmation of the betting agreement. The deficiency lies in the principle that the relevant guidelines for the pricing of derivative financial instruments are more principled in the accounting standards, which leads to the substantial subjectivity and randomness of the option pricing in practice, and the reliability and relevance of subsequent accounting treatment results are difficult to guarantee if they are not reasonably priced. The deficiency of the relevant provisions of the class is that the criterion determines which accounting standards to be applied by the way of judging the subject identity, but it does not give a clear definition and recognition conditions for the judgment of the main body of identity; on the other hand, the equity investment in non venture capital institutions should be adopted under the mode of the venture capital institution. In addition, the party that makes the performance commitment is the investor's own situation, lacks the accounting standards for accounting standards interpretation bulletin, and does not use the accounting practice case guidance to clarify the accounting treatment principles of this particular item. Inadequacies, this article attempts to put forward relevant improvements, supplement, improve and refine the accounting standards and the recommendations of the first customs regulations, in order to provide useful reference for the further improvement of the accounting standards for investment enterprise gambling agreements in China.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國財政科學(xué)研究院
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：F275;F832.51

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