【摘要】：在中國(guó)特色的社會(huì)主義市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)體制改革中，文化作為一種特殊產(chǎn)品也沒(méi)有能避開(kāi)市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)體制對(duì)它的沖擊，尤其自二十世紀(jì)九十年代以來(lái)，文化產(chǎn)業(yè)在中國(guó)更是得到了快速的發(fā)展。而作為文化的一個(gè)重要分支的中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)文化在文化走產(chǎn)業(yè)化發(fā)展道路的大趨勢(shì)中，也不能回避自身發(fā)展的產(chǎn)業(yè)化。 中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)文化是一種非常特殊的社會(huì)變量，原因就在于它既具有物質(zhì)性，又具有精神性。它的物質(zhì)性是它走產(chǎn)業(yè)化發(fā)展道路的基礎(chǔ)所在，也表現(xiàn)出它對(duì)一個(gè)社會(huì)豐厚的經(jīng)濟(jì)效應(yīng)。而它的精神性主要體現(xiàn)在它的社會(huì)功能中。所以，一方面，中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)文化的物質(zhì)性讓它走上了產(chǎn)業(yè)化發(fā)展道路；另一方面，中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)文化的精神性中所蘊(yùn)含的厚重的社會(huì)價(jià)值是它在產(chǎn)業(yè)化過(guò)程中產(chǎn)生市場(chǎng)失靈問(wèn)題的根由所在。 中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)文化在產(chǎn)業(yè)化發(fā)展過(guò)程中，一方面推動(dòng)了經(jīng)濟(jì)的增長(zhǎng)，促進(jìn)了中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)文化的保護(hù)。而另方一面也產(chǎn)生了很多的負(fù)面問(wèn)題，比如中國(guó)珍貴的物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)和非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)在產(chǎn)業(yè)化沖擊下面臨損毀乃至絕跡的威脅，再比如以傳統(tǒng)文化為基礎(chǔ)的旅游產(chǎn)業(yè)門(mén)票定制普遍較高，而且旅游產(chǎn)業(yè)在全國(guó)的發(fā)展也很不平衡，還有在古玩和拍賣(mài)市場(chǎng)中也存在很多假貨充斥，價(jià)格虛高的信息不對(duì)稱難題。諸如此類(lèi)事實(shí)，不能一一列舉。這些具體的負(fù)面事實(shí)，都是中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)文化在產(chǎn)業(yè)化的過(guò)程中，出現(xiàn)市場(chǎng)失靈的結(jié)果。 凡事有果必有因。探究中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)文化產(chǎn)業(yè)化發(fā)展過(guò)程出現(xiàn)的負(fù)面問(wèn)題的根由，主要有以下幾個(gè)方面：第一，傳統(tǒng)文化厚重的社會(huì)價(jià)值，使得它天生具有了公共性和外部性特征，公共性和外部性也導(dǎo)致了對(duì)傳統(tǒng)文化市場(chǎng)需求不足，出現(xiàn)市場(chǎng)失靈；第二，在中國(guó)，傳統(tǒng)文化資源屬于國(guó)家所有，這就導(dǎo)致了對(duì)傳統(tǒng)文化資源的壟斷，這種壟斷直接導(dǎo)致了對(duì)傳統(tǒng)文化定價(jià)過(guò)程中的非競(jìng)爭(zhēng)性，出現(xiàn)了壟斷性市場(chǎng)失靈；第三，在中國(guó)的古玩和拍賣(mài)市場(chǎng)中存在著嚴(yán)重的信息不對(duì)稱問(wèn)題，信息不對(duì)稱也直接導(dǎo)致了市場(chǎng)配置的低效率。 對(duì)于這些市場(chǎng)失靈問(wèn)題，，主要從兩個(gè)方面進(jìn)行治理：其一，采用經(jīng)濟(jì)手段，用資源捆綁集合開(kāi)發(fā)的辦法解決傳統(tǒng)文化的公共性和外部性市場(chǎng)失靈，用合理的定價(jià)方法來(lái)解決中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)文化的壟斷性市場(chǎng)失靈；其二，配之以適當(dāng)?shù)姆墙?jīng)濟(jì)手段，采用以下四種對(duì)策：第一，政府應(yīng)對(duì)傳統(tǒng)文化資源的開(kāi)發(fā)做好科學(xué)規(guī)劃和布局；第二，合理地引入私人資金采取多種資金運(yùn)營(yíng)體制；第三，健全和加強(qiáng)法制建設(shè)；第四，促進(jìn)教育和中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)文化的整合�？傊袊�(guó)傳統(tǒng)文化在產(chǎn)業(yè)化發(fā)展過(guò)程中的市場(chǎng)失靈問(wèn)題是一個(gè)很大的課題，有待于進(jìn)一步地去研究。
[Abstract]:In the reform of socialist market economy system with Chinese characteristics, culture, as a special product, has not been able to avoid the impact of market economy system, especially since the 1990s, cultural industry has been developed rapidly in China. As an important branch of culture, Chinese traditional culture can not avoid the industrialization of its own development in the general trend of industrialization of culture. Chinese traditional culture is a very special social variable, the reason is that it is both material and spiritual. Its materiality is the basis of its industrialization development road, and it also shows its rich economic effect on a society. Its spirituality is mainly reflected in its social function. Therefore, on the one hand, the materiality of Chinese traditional culture makes it embark on the road of industrialization development; on the other hand, the heavy social value contained in the spirit of Chinese traditional culture is the root cause of its market failure in the process of industrialization. In the process of industrialization, Chinese traditional culture, on the one hand, promotes the economic growth and promotes the protection of Chinese traditional culture. On the other hand, there are also many negative problems, such as China's precious material and intangible cultural heritage facing the threat of damage or even extinction under the impact of industrialization, and for example, the ticket customization of the tourism industry based on traditional culture is generally high, and the development of the tourism industry in the whole country is also very uneven, as well as in the antiques and auction markets, there are also a lot of fake goods. The information asymmetry problem of high price. Such facts cannot be enumerated. These specific negative facts are the result of market failure in the process of industrialization of Chinese traditional culture. Every thing has a result, there must be a reason. To explore the root causes of the negative problems in the process of industrialization of Chinese traditional culture, there are the following aspects: first, the heavy social value of traditional culture makes it naturally have the characteristics of publicity and externality, publicity and externality also lead to insufficient demand for traditional culture market and market failure; Second, in China, traditional cultural resources belong to the state, which leads to the monopoly of traditional cultural resources, which directly leads to the non-competitive pricing process of traditional culture, resulting in monopoly market failure; third, there is a serious problem of information asymmetry in China's antiques and auction markets, and information asymmetry also directly leads to the low efficiency of market allocation. For these market failures, we mainly deal with them from two aspects: first, we use economic means to solve the public and external market failures of traditional culture by means of resource bundling and collective development, and use reasonable pricing methods to solve the monopoly market failure of Chinese traditional culture; Second, with appropriate non-economic means, the following four countermeasures should be adopted: first, the government should do a good job in the scientific planning and layout of the development of traditional cultural resources; second, reasonably introduce private funds to adopt a variety of capital operation systems; third, improve and strengthen the construction of the legal system; fourth, promote the integration of education and Chinese traditional culture. In a word, the market failure of Chinese traditional culture in the process of industrialization development is a great subject, which needs to be further studied.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：云南財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：G124

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